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Table 2 The differences in sleep status, bedtime activities, and anxiety/depression between the two groups

From: The moderating roles of bedtime activities and anxiety/depression in the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and sleep problems in children

 

ADHD

U

Non-Symptomatic

\( \overline{\mathrm{x}} \) (SD)

Symptomatic

\( \overline{\mathrm{x}} \) (SD)

Sleep length

 Weekdays

9.3 (0.6)

9.3 (0.7)

25,424.0

 Weekends

10.1 (0.9)

10.3 (2.8)

26,846.0

Sleep problems (total score)

46.3 (6.7)

52.9 (6.9)

9237.0***

 Bedtime resistance

8.2 (2.2)

9.6 (2.6)

14,984.5***

 Sleep onset delay

1.4 (0.6)

1.6 (0.7)

24,284.5*

 Sleep duration

4.4 (1.4)

5.3 (1.5)

17,729.0***

 Sleep anxiety

5.4 (1.8)

6.1 (1.9)

20,815.0*

 Night waking

3.5 (0.8)

4.1 (1.2)

20,552.5***

 Parasomnias

8.4 (1.4)

9.3 (1.9)

17,845.0***

 Sleep-disordered breath

3.3 (0.6)

3.8 (1.2)

20,407.0***

 Daytime sleepiness

11.8 (2.8)

13.1 (2.7)

17,546.0***

Bedtime activities

 Screen activities

5.3 (2.2)

6.0 (2.9)

22,595.0*

 Diet

4.7 (1.9)

5.4 (2.9)

22,705.0+

Anxiety/depression

2.7 (2.9)

5.9 (4.1)

13,516.0***

  1. +P < 0.1, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.0001