Table 1 Overview of the study characteristics reporting the prevalence of ASD, PTSD, or depression following violence related injury
Authors, year, country, ref. | Study population | Setting details | Violence and injury details | Disorder | DSM criteriaa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alarcon et al., 2012, USA, [13] | Injured patients treated at the ED, age not specified | Urban level I trauma center | Assault | PTSD | No |
Bisson et al., 2010, UK, [23] | Patients aged over 16Â years, treated at the ED following physical assault | ED | Assault | PTSD | No |
Boccelari et al., 2007, USA, [14] | Patients aged 18Â years and older who are victims of violent crime treated at the ED, with and without hospitalization | Urban hospital | All types of violence, sexual assault excluded | Depression, ASD | No |
Cunningham et al., 2015, USA, [15] | Patients aged between 14 and 24Â years treated at the ED following assault | Urban public ED, high crime rates in region | Assault, sexual assault and child abuse excluded | Depression, PTSD | Yes, DSM-IV |
Elklit et al., 2003, Denmark, [26] | Patients aged 18Â years and older who are victims of physical assault, treated at the ED | ED | Assault, mean Injury Severity Score 1.47, two-third of the sample had head and face injuries | ASD, PTSD | No |
Fein et al., 2002, USA, [16] | Patients aged between 12 and 24Â years treated at the ED for intentional violence | Urban EDs | Assault/fights, child abuse and domestic violence excluded | ASD, PTSD | No |
Hunt et al., 2016, USA, [20] | Injured trauma survivors aged 18Â years and older, admitted to trauma center, 8.6% of the patients were victims of intentional stabbing | Two level I trauma centers | Stabbing | PTSD | Yes, DSM-V |
Johansen et al., 2006, Norway, [27] | Patients aged over 18, treated at the ED following assault | ED | Assault, domestic violence excluded | PTSD | No |
Johansen et al., 2007, Norway, [28] | Patients aged 18Â years and older, treated at the ED following physical assault | ED | Assault, domestic violence excluded | PTSD | No |
Kleim et al., 2007, UK, [24] | Patients treated at the ED following assault, mean age 35Â years | ED | Assault, domestic violence excluded | ASD, PTSD | PTSD only, DSM-IV |
McCart et al., 2005, USA, [17] | Patients aged 9–18 years, treated at the ED following assault | ED | Assault, with and without weapons | Depression, PTSD | No |
Pailler et al., 2007, USA, [18] | Patients aged between 12 and 17, treated at the ED following a violence-related event | ED | Violent event, child abuse excluded | Depression, ASD, PTSD | No |
Purtle et al., 2014, USA, [19] | Patients aged between 7 and 17Â years who sustained intentional interpersonal injury treated at the ED | Urban level I trauma center | Violent event, child abuse, domestic violence, and sexual assault excluded | PTSD | No |
Roy-Byrne et al., 2004, USA, [22] | Patients aged 18Â years and older, admitted to ED following sexual or physical assault, not requiring hospitalization | Urban level I trauma center | Sexual or physical assault | PTSD | Yes, DSM-IV |
Sullivan et al., 2017, USA, [21] | Patients aged 18Â years and older, admitted to the trauma service for at least 24Â h following aggravated assault | Urban level I trauma center | Aggravated assault and gunshot wounds | Depression, PTSD | No |
Walters et al., 2007, UK, [25] | Patients aged over 16Â years, treated at the ED following assault | ED | Assault, no further exclusion criteria | PTSD | No |