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Table 2 Overview of PTSD, ASD, and depression prevalence rates and diagnostic instruments

From: Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder and depression following violence related injury treated at the emergency department: a systematic review

PTSD (n = 15)

Instrument, cut-off

No./total no.

Prevalence in % (95% CI)

    < 1 month

1 month

3 months

6 months

12 months

Alarcon et al. [13]

PCL-C, ≥35

7/16

    –

43.7 (11.4–76.2)

–

–

–

Bisson et al. [23]

TSQ, ≥6

338/3349

    59.1 (52.8–65.4)

–

–

–

–

Cunningham et al. [15]

MINI, DSM-IV criteria

30/184

    –

–

–

–

16.3 (10.5–22.1)

Elklit et al. [26]

HTQ, ≥3 on all scales

26/118

    –

–

–

22.0 (13.5–30.5)

–

Fein et al. [16]

CATS, ≥27

4/96

    –

–

5.8 (0.12–11.5)

–

–

Hunt et al. [20]

CAPS, DSM-V criteria

7/12

    –

58.3 (15.1–100)

–

–

–

Johansen et al. [27]

PTSS-10a,b

46/138

    –

33.3 (23.7–43.0)c

–

–

–

Johansen et al. [28]

PTSS-10a,b

20/70, 17/70, 19–70

    –

28.6 (16.0–41.1)

24.3 (12.7–35.8)

–

27.1 (14.9–39.3)

Kleim et al. [24]

SCID, DSM-IV criteria

49/205

    –

–

–

23.9 (17.2–30.6)

–

McCart et al. [17]

TSCC, NR

7/89

    7.1 (1.85–12.4)

–

–

–

–

Pailler et al. [18]

CATS, ≥27

3/158

    –

–

–

1.9 (3.8–12.7)

–

Purtle et al. [19]

CTSQ, ≥5

31/47

    66.0 (42.7–89.2)

–

–

–

–

Roy-Byrne et al. [22]

CAPS, DSM-V criteria

14/23, 7/23

    –

60.9 (29.0–92.8)

30.4 (7.9–53.0)

–

–

Sullivan et al. [21]

PC-PTSD, ≥3

33/87

    37.9 (25.0–50.9)

–

–

–

–

Walters et al. [25]

DTSd

NR

    –

11 (NR)

–

7.7 (NR)

–

ASD (N = 5)

Instrument, cut-off

No./total no.

Prevalence in % (95% CI)

    < 1 week

1 week

> 1 week

 

Boccelari et al. [14]

ASDS, > 36

221/541

    –

40.9 (35.5–46.2)

–

  

Elklit et al. [26]

HTQ, ≥2

47/196

    24.0 (17.1–30.8)

–

–

  

Fein et al. [16]

ISRCe

17/69

    24.6 (12.9–36.3)

–

–

  

Kleim et al. [24]

ASDS, NR

37/222

    –

–

16.7 (11.3–22.0)

  

Pailler et al. [18]

ISRC, NR

46/394

    –

11.7 (8.3–15.0)

–

  

Depression (N = 5)

Instrument, cut-off

No./total no.

Prevalence in % (95% CI)

    < 1 month

≥ 1 month

 

Boccelari et al. [14]

PHQ, NR

191/541

    35.3 (30.3–40.3)

–

   

Cunningham et al. [15]

MINI, DSM-IV criteria

31/184

    –

16.8 (10.9–22.8)

   

McCart et al. [17]

TSCC, NR

5/89

    5.1 (0.6–9.6)

–

   

Pailler et al. [18]

CDI-SF, > 65

12/394

    3.0 (1.3–4.8)

–

   

Sullivan et al. [21]

PHQ-8, ≥10

36/87

    41.4 (27.9–54.9)

–

   
  1. ASD acute stress disorder, ASDS Acute Stress Disorder Scale, CAPS Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, CATS Child and Adolescents Trauma Survey, CDI-SF Children’s Depression Inventory Short Form, CTSQ Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire, DTS Davidson Trauma Scale, HTQ Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, ISRC Immediate Stress Response Checklist, MINI Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, NR not reported, PC-PTSD Primary Care PTSD, PCL-C PTSD Checklist-Civilian, PHQ(− 8) Patient Health Questionnaire (8), PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSS-10 Post Traumatic Symptom Scale 10, SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, TSCC Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children, TSQ Trauma Screening Questionnaire
  2. aCut-off: a score of four or more on six or more items indicating PTSD
  3. bIES-15 (Impact of Event Scale 15) was used as a secondary instrument, prevalence rates: 25.7% 1 month, 30.0% 3 months, 31.4% 12 months
  4. cMales: 33/110 (30%), females: 13/28 (46%)
  5. dCut-off: at least one re-experiencing, three avoidance and two hyperarousal symptoms at a frequency of at least twice in the previous week
  6. eCut-off: at least one significant symptom in every category
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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