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Table 3 Association between PHQ-stress and health behavior

From: Psychosocial stress impairs health behavior in patients with mental disorders

 

BMI

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)

Uncontrolled eating

Smoking

Cig / day

Physical inactivity

      

no

yes

 

no

yes

 

no

yes

      

no

yes

 

PHQ-stress scale (0-20)

r=0.09***

 

M=7.92

M=8.94

***

M=7.43

M=10.16

***

M=7.85

M=8.47

**

r=0.08**

 

M=7.40

M=8.52

***

      

SD=4.22

SD=4.33

 

SD=4.13

SD=3.98

 

SD=4.13

SD=4.37

      

SD=4.06

SD=4.28

 
 

BMI (M, SD)

Obesity (% BMI ≥ 30)

Uncontrolled eating (% yes)

Smoking (% yes)

Cig / day (M, SD)

Physical inactivity (% inactive)

PHQ-stress items (dichotomous)

not/a little bothered

bothered a lot

 

not/a little bothered

bothered a lot

 

not/a little bothered

bothered a lot

 

not/a little bothered

bothered a lot

 

not/a little bothered

bothered a lot

 

not/a little bothered

bothered a lot

 
 

dCohen

Cramérs V

Cramérs V

Cramérs V

dCohen

Cramérs V

Worries about health

25.3

(5.4)

25.6

(6.1)

 

16.2

19.9

0.05*

22.3

26.8

0.05*

43.4

34.9

0.09***

11.2

(12.6)

10.7

(15.5)

 

58.5

64.5

0.06**

Stress at work or at school

25.3

(5.8)

25.6

(5.9)

 

16.6

20.6

0.05*

20.8

31.9

0.12***

40.1

35.8

 

11.5

(15.3)

9.7

(12.9)

0.12*

61.7

62.4

 

Worries about weight or look

25.1

(4.9)

26.4

(7.3)

0.23***

14.3

28.0

0.16***

15.2

45.6

0.33***

38.7

38.4

 

10.8

(13.3)

11.5

(16.5)

 

60.7

64.5

 

Financial problems or worries

25.1

(5.8)

26.3

(6.0)

0.21***

16.0

24.3

0.10***

20.7

34.4

0.15***

32.8

51.3

0.18***

9.8

(14.7)

13.3

(13.7)

0.24***

59.0

68.0

0.09***

Little or no sexual desire

25.4

(5.7)

25.6

(6.1)

 

18.6

17.9

 

22.8

29.6

0.07**

39.2

37.3

 

10.9

(14.7)

11.5

(14.1)

 

60.8

65.5

 

Difficulties with partner

25.5

(5.8)

25.3

(5.8)

 

18.7

16.5

 

22.4

30.4

0.08***

36.8

44.4

0.07**

10.9

(15.4)

11.4

(11.7)

 

61.0

65.3

 

Thinking / dreaming about sth terrible

25.2

(5.5)

26.4

(6.7)

0.21***

17.0

22.7

0.06**

21.0

36.6

0.16***

37.4

40.7

 

10.5

(13.1)

11.8

(16.0)

 

60.9

64.7

 

Having no one to turn to with problems

25.3

(5.7)

25.9

(6.3)

 

17.3

22.1

0.05*

21.9

34.8

0.13***

37.7

40.6

 

10.7

(14.5)

11.7

(14.3)

 

58.7

72.0

0.12***

Something bad that happened recently

25.4

(6.0)

25.7

(5.2)

 

17.9

19.6

 

24.7

25.7

 

37.9

40.6

 

10.7

(13.8)

11.9

(16.7)

 

60.4

66.9

0.06*

Stress of care taking

25.3

(5.7)

26.3

(6.6)

0.17**

17.3

23.2

0.06**

22.7

34.3

0.10***

37.9

42.8

 

10.7

(14.7)

12.4

(13.5)

 

60.8

68.0

0.06**

  1. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; correlation analyses r Pearson’s r; M mean, SD standard deviation. PHQ-stress items: comparison between “not or a little bothered” vs. “bothered a lot”. Physical inactivity: patients who rated 3-4 times per month of physical activity or less were classified as physical inactive. Significance level was tested by Chi2 for crosstabs and F-Test for means
  2. Effect sizes for significant results were calculated using Cohen’s d for means and Cramer’s V for crosstabs. Significant results are highlighted in bold