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Table 4 Multiple regression analyses (binary, linear) between PHQ-stress and health behavior stratified by sex

From: Psychosocial stress impairs health behavior in patients with mental disorders

 

Obesity

Uncontrolled eating

Smoking

Cig/day

Physical inactivity

PHQ-stress - Women

OR

95% CI

Nagelk. R2

OR

95% CI

Nagelk. R2

OR

95% CI

Nagelk. R2

stand. ß

adj. R2

OR

95% CI

Nagelk. R2

PHQ-stress scale (0-20) (unadj.)

1.07**

1.03-1.11

2.0

1.18***

1.14-1.23

13.1

1.05**

1.02-1.08

1.3

n.s.

 

1.06***

1.03-1.09

1.9

PHQ-stress scale (0-20) (adjusted)

1.07**

1.03-1.11

11.7

1.17***

1.12-1.22

18.5

1.03

1.00-1.07

n.s.

n.s.

 

1.05*

1.01-1.08

5.5

PHQ-stress items (dichotomous)

Worries about health (unadj.)

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

0.77*

0.59-0.83

0.5

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

0.77

0.57-1.03

n.s.

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

Stress at work or at school (unadj.)

n.s.

  

1.75***

1.35-2.27

2.2

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

n.s.

  

1.69***

1.26-2.27

10.4

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

Worries about weight or look (unadj.)

2.03***

1.51-2.74

3.0

4.86***

3.72-6.36

15.9

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

2.02***

1.46-2.79

12.6

4.49***

3.38-5.97

21.7

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

Financial problems or worries (unadj.)

1.78***

1.30-2.43

1.9

2.15***

1.65-2.79

3.7

1.85***

1.43-2.38

2.5

0.10**

0.9

1.48***

1.22-1.80

1.0

adjusted

1.64**

1.18-2.31

11.3

1.79***

1.34-2.38

11.0

1.45*

1.08-1.93

14.1

0.09*

1.9

1.34*

1.01-1.77

4.1

Little or no sexual desire (unadj.)

n.s.

  

1.39*

1.06-1.82

0.7

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

n.s.

  

1.30

0.97-1.74

n.s.

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

Difficulties with partner (unadj.)

n.s.

  

1.59**

1.20-2.10

1.2

1.44**

1.10-1.89

0.8

n.s.

 

1.40*

1.06-1.85

0.7

adjusted

n.s.

  

1.36

0.99-1.87

n.s.

1.47*

1.08-1.99

14.3

n.s.

 

1.30

0.97-1.76

n.s.

Thinking/dreaming about sth terrible that happened (unadj.)

1.46*

1.06-2.00

0.8

1.98***

1.52-2.59

2.9

1.56***

1.20-2.01

1.3

0.12**

1.2

n.s.

  

adjusted

1.37

0.98-1.92

n.s.

1.78***

1.34-2.37

10.9

1.52**

1.14-2.03

15.0

0.10**

2.7

n.s.

  

Having no one to turn to with problems (unadj.)

1.71**

1.24-2.37

1.5

1.96***

1.49-2.59

2.6

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

1.67***

1.26-2.23

1.5

adjusted

1.55*

1.10-2.19

10.9

1.58**

1.17-2.15

10.1

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

1.50**

1.10-2.05

4.9

Something bad that happened recently (unadj.)

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

1.39*

1.06-1.83

0.6

n.s.

 

1.33*

1.06-1.66

0.9

adjusted

n.s.

     

1.26

0.91-1.74

n.s.

n.s.

 

1.40*

1.04-1.89

4.5

Stress of care taking (unadj.)

1.46*

1.03-2.07

0.6

1.58**

1.17-2.13

1.0

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

1.41

0.97-2.06

n.s.

1.57**

1.13-2.18

9.9

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

PHQ-stress - Men

OR

95% CI

Nagelk. R2

OR

95% CI

Nagelk. R2

OR

95% CI

Nagelk. R2

stand. ß

adj. R2

OR

95% CI

Nagelk. R2

PHQ-stress scale (0-20) (unadj.)

1.03

0.99-1.08

n.s.

1.13***

1.09-1.18

6.7

1.04*

1.00-1.07

0.7

0.12**

1.2

1.07***

1.04-1.11

2.6

PHQ-stress scale (0-20) (adj.)

1.02

0.98-1.07

n.s.

1.14***

1.09-1.19

9.3

1.06**

1.02-1.10

19.8

0.10*

5.7

1.06**

1.02-1.10

5.2

PHQ-stress items (dichotomous)

Worries about health (unadj.)

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

0.69**

0.53-0.89

1.2

  

1.45**

1.11-1.89

1.1

adjusted

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

0.73*

0.55-0.98

19.3

  

1.33*

1.01-1.75

4.4

Stress at work or at school (unadj.)

n.s.

  

1.72**

1.24-2.39

1.7

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

n.s.

  

1.57**

1.11-2.21

3.9

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

Worries about weight or look (unadj.)

2.89***

1.99-4.18

5.4

4.27***

3.05-5.97

10.9

n.s.

    

n.s.

  

adjusted

3.18***

2.15-4.71

13.8

4.05***

2.88-5.68

12.8

n.s.

    

n.s.

  

Financial problems or worries (unadj.)

1.57*

1.10-2.24

1.1

1.87***

1.36-2.57

2.3

2.59***

1.96-3.43

6.2

0.13***

1.5

1.49**

1.11-1.99

1.1

adjusted

1.39

0.95-2.04

n.s.

1.75***

1.26-2.41

4.5

2.25***

1.63-3.09

22.4

0.12**

6.5

1.30

0.96-1.76

n.s.

Little or no sexual desire (unadj.)

n.s.

  

1.41

0.99-2.01

0.6

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

n.s.

  

1.37

0.94-1.99

n.s.

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

Difficulties with partner (unadj.)

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

Thinking/dreaming about sth terrible that happened (unadj.)

n.s.

  

2.33***

1.63-3.33

3.3

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

n.s.

  

2.19***

1.51-3.17

5.5

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

Having no one to turn to with problems (unadj.)

n.s.

  

1.76**

1.23-2.51

1.5

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

2.02***

1.42-2.88

2.4

adjusted

n.s.

  

1.6*

1.11-2.31

3.6

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

1.87***

1.30-2.69

5.2

Something bad that happened recently (unadj.)

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

adjusted

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

n.s.

  

n.s.

 

n.s.

  

Stress of care taking (unadj.)

n.s.

  

2.03***

1.36-3.03

1.9

1.59*

1.10-2.31

0.9

0.09*

0.6

1.72**

1.14-2.60

1.0

adjusted

n.s.

  

2.00***

1.33-3.03

4.3

1.87**

1.22-2.87

20.2**

0.11*

6.1

1.64*

1.08-2.51

4.2

  1. Each PHQ-stress item was dichotomized in “not or a little bothered (0)” and “bothered a lot (1)”. PHQ-stress scale ranges from 0-20. Logistic Regression analyses are presented unadjusted and adjusted for age, education, vocational training, depression
  2. Analyses concerning obesity (BMI>30) and binge eating were adjusted for obesity of parents. Non-significant results from previous analyses were not considered in regression analyses and marked as n.s. unadj unadjusted. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05. OR Odds Ratio. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) are calculated for OR. Nagelk. R2 = explained variance (in %). Significant results are highlighted in bold