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Table 1 Sample characteristics and distribution of diagnostic categories

From: Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale against both DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for depression

Variable

N = 324

Maternal age, mean (SD)

32.7

(4.6)

 Range

22–45

 

Infant agea in weeks, mean (SD)

16.2

(8.2)

 Infant age 8–14 weeks, n (%)

211

(65.1)

 Infant age 15–20 weeks, n (%)

58

(17.9)

 Infant age 21–30 weeks, n (%)

30

(9.3)

 Infant age 31–49 weeks, n (%)

25

(7.7)

Infant gender, boys, n (%)

174

(53.7)

Maternal country of origin

 Danish, n (%)

271

(83.6)

 Immigrant, n (%)

32

(9.9)

 Descendants of immigrants, n (%)

9

(2.8)

 Missing, n (%)

12

(3.7)

Mother single parent or not

 Married or living with partner, n (%)

293

(90.4)

 Single, n (%)

14

(4.3)

 Other, n (%)

6

(1.9)

 Missing, n (%)

11

(3.4)

Primiparous n (%)

192

(63.6)

Maternal ISCED level of education

 Level 1–3 (lower secondary or less), n (%)

29

(9.0)

 Level 4 and 5 (post secondary + short-cycle tertiary), n (%)

37

(11.4)

 Level 6 (bachelor or equivalent), n (%)

113

(34.9)

 Level 7 and 8 (master + doctor or equivalent), n (%)

134

(41.4)

 Other or missing, n (%)

11

(3.4)

Mothers endorsing item 10 above zero, n (%)

26

(8.0)

Depression history statusb

 No current or past depression, n (%)

132

(40.7)

 Not currently depressed but a history of depression, n (%)

75

(23.1)

 Currently depressed with a history of depression, n (%)

62

(19.1)

 First episode of depression, n (%)

55

(17.0)

DSM-5 Major depressionc

 Depressed, n (%)

118

(36.4)

 Not depressed, n (%)

206

(63.6)

ICD-10 any (mild, moderate, or severe depression)c

 Depressed n (%)

120

(37.0)

 Not depressed, n (%)

204

(63.0)

ICD-10 moderate or severe depressionc

 Depressed n (%)

82

(25.3)

 Not depressed, n (%)

242

(74.7)

  1. Note. ISCED = International Standard Classification of Education (UNESCO). ICD-10 = International Classification of mental and behavioural disorders 10th edition (WHO, 1992); DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
  2. aInfant age at the day for diagnostic interview and EPDS screening (T2)
  3. bHistory of depression status was established according to DSM-5 criteria
  4. cDue to the oversampling strategy, these are not prevalence estimates. See text