Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale against both DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for depression

Table 3 Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC for DSM-5 major depression, ICD-10 mild, moderate, and severe depression, and ICD-10 moderate and severe depression

EPDS cutoff^a	Sensitivity	95% CI	Specificity	95% CI	PPV	95% CI	NPV	95% CI	AUC
DSM-5 major
6 + ^b	98.0		77.0		22.4		99.8		0.960
7+	96.6		83.0		27.9		99.7
8+	84.6		87.7		31.9		98.8
9+	83.9		89.4		35.0		98.8
10+	81.2		91.6		39.7		98.6
11+	79.2	[60.3, 98.1]	94.4	[90.5, 98.3]	49.0	[29.4, 68.7]	98.5	[96.9, 1.0]
12+	72.5		96.9		61.4		98.1
13+	66.5		97.3		62.7		97.7
ICD-10, any
6+	98.0		77.1		22.8		99.8		0.959
7+	96.7		83.1		28.2		99.7
8+	84.1		87.8		32.1		98.8
9+	83.5		89.4		35.3		98.7
10+	80.2		91.6		39.7		98.5
11+	78.2	[59.6, 96.7]	94.4	[90.5, 98.3]	49.0	[29.4, 68.7]	98.4	[96.8, 1.0]
12+	72.2		96.9		62.0		98.1
13+	65.6		97.3		62.7		97.6
ICD-10 moderate+severe
6+	98.2		75.8		17.1		99.9		0.957
7+	97.3		81.7		21.3		99.8
8+	82.3		86.4		23.5		99.0
9+	82.3		88.1		26.0		99.0
10+	82.3		90.5		30.5		99.0
11+	82.3		93.4		38.6		99.0
12+	77.0	[52.8, 1.0]	96.0	[93.4, 98.7]	49.5	[29.9, 69.1]	98.8	[97.2, 1.0]
13+	72.6		96.6		51.9		98.6

Note. PPV = positive predictive value; NPV = Negative predictive value; AUC = the area under the ROC curve; ICD-10 = International classification of mental and behavioural disorders 10th edition (WHO, 1992); DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) CI = confidence Interval. Values in bold represent the most adequate combination of sensitivity, specificity, and PPV. For the sake of clarity 95% CIs provided only for the optimal cutoff-scores. 95% CIs for all values are reported in Table 3b which is provided by request to the first author. ^aA value score exactly equal to the cutoff is understood as being depressed. ^b’+’ signifies ‘or more’

ISSN: 1471-244X