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Table 5 Effect estimates for time trends in health-related correlates: 1997–19991 (reference) vs. 2009–20122

From: Time trends in depression prevalence and health-related correlates: results from population-based surveys in Germany 1997–1999 vs. 2009–2012

 

Men

Women

With MDD

Without MDD

With MDD

Without MDD

Effect estimate (95%-CI)

p trend

Effect estimate (95%-CI)

p trend

p MDD × trend

Effect estimate (95%CI)

p trend

Effect estimate (95%-CI)

p trend

p MDD × trend

Fair/poor self-rated health

OR

1.0 (0.5–2.1)

0.972

0.7 (0.5–0.9)

0.006

0.370

0.4 (0.2–0.7)

0.001

0.7 (0.6–0.9)

0.007

0.043

Health-related quality of life (4 weeks)

 Physical functioning

β

−1.5 (− 4.8–1.9)

0.391

0.7 (0.1–1.3)

0.021

0.214

1.5 (−1.1–4.1)

0.252

0.9 (0.4–1.5)

0.001

0.668

 Physical role functioning

β

−4.3 (− 8.8–0.2)

0.061

−0.6 (−1.3–0.1)

0.098

0.116

0.2 (− 2.7–3.0)

0.897

−1.0 (− 1.6−−0.3)

0.005

0.433

 Bodily pain

β

−1.7 (− 5.8–2.4)

0.413

3.0 (2.1–4.0)

< 0.001

0.030

6.1 (3.0–9.2)

< 0.001

3.3 (2.5–4.1)

< 0.001

0.077

 General health

β

−0.6 (−4.1–2.9)

0.727

1.6 (0.9–2.3)

< 0.001

0.230

2.2 (−0.4–4.9)

0.097

1.4 (0.7–2.1)

< 0.001

0.534

 Vitality

β

− 2.2 (− 6.4–1.9)

0.281

0.2 (−0.4–0.9)

0.448

0.237

0.7 (− 2.1–3.5)

0.612

0.4 (−0.2–1.1)

0.180

0.851

 Social role functioning

β

−4.4 (− 8.9–0.0)

0.048

−0.2 (−0.8–0.4)

0.529

0.063

0.2 (−2.7–3.2)

0.870

−0.2 (− 0.9–0.6)

0.654

0.790

 Emotional role functioning

β

−8.3 (−13.3−−3.3)

0.001

−1.3 (−1.9−−0.7)

< 0.001

0.006

−2.7 (− 6.7–1.2)

0.177

−2.6 (−3.4−−1.9)

< 0.001

0.966

 Mental health

β

−2.0 (− 5.7–1.6)

0.273

0.5 (−0.1–1.2)

0.118

0.171

2.0 (−0.6–4.5)

0.131

1.0 (0.2–1.7)

0.012

0.482

 Physical component score

β

−0.8 (−4.5–3.0)

0.694

1.6 (0.8–2.3)

< 0.001

0.248

3.8 (1.2–6.3)

0.004

1.8 (1.1–2.4)

< 0.001

0.113

 Mental component score

β

−5.2 (−9.4−−1.1)

0.014

−0.7 (−1.3–0.0)

0.040

0.033

−1.2 (−4.6–2.2)

0.477

−0.9 (−1.8−−0.1)

0.023

0.874

Any days with activity limitation (4 weeks)

 due to mental health problems

OR

3.5 (1.4–9.0)

0.010

4.9 (2.0–11.7)

< 0.001

0.607

6.5 (2.8–15.4)

< 0.001

2.3 (1.3–4.2)

0.007

0.056

 due to physical health problems

OR

1.4 (0.6–3.3)

0.482

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.403

0.363

1.5 (0.8–2.7)

0.251

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.494

0.196

Any sick days (12 month)

OR

1.3 (0.5–3.1)

0.569

1.5 (1.2–1.8)

< 0.001

0.787

1.5 (0.8–2.9)

0.198

1.4 (1.2–1.7)

< 0.001

0.846

No. of sick days if any

IRR

1.0 (0.5–2.1)

0.988

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.058

0.542

0.7 (0.4–1.1)

0.089

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

0.848

0.150

  1. Models include MDD, time point and the interaction between MDD and time point (see Additional file 2 for age adjusted effect estimates). OR: Odds ratio from logistic regression (reference: 1997–1999); β: β coefficient from linear model; IRR: incidence rate ratio from negative binomial regression (reference: 1997–1999); p trend: p-value for testing a trend (test for OR/IRR = 1 or β = 0); p MDD × trend: p-value for testing differences in effect estimates of participants with MDD and without MDD (interaction). Bold type indicates significant results (local significance level α = 0.05)
  2. 1German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998, mental health supplement (GHS-MHS, 1997–1999): weighted for population structure as of 12/31/1997; age range: 18–65
  3. 2German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults, mental health module (DEGS1-MH, 2009–2012): weighted for population structure as of 12/31/2010; age range: 18–65
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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