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Table 2 Studies examining CMDs during pregnancy who experienced an earthquake

From: Prevalence and determinants of symptoms of antenatal common mental disorders among women who had recently experienced an earthquake: a systematic review

Study/type

Setting

Distance between study site and the earthquake epicentre

Magnitude of earthquake (Richter scale)/epicentre

When had experienced an earthquake

Sample for those who experienced an earthquake

Sample of comparison group

Gestational age at the time of study (trimester)

Assessment instrument and cut off score

Locally validated instrument among pregnant women

Prevalence of CMDs (%) (95% CI): those who experienced an earthquake

Prevalence of CMDs (%) (95% CI): comparison group

P-value for difference in prevalence

Middle economy

 Lau Ying, et al., 2011 [17], Cross-sectional

Four hospitals, Chengdu, Sichuan China

90 km

8.0, Wenchuan county, Sichuan province

During pregnancy

578

578

2

EPDS ≥14

No

7.1 (5.1; 9.5);

9.2 (6.9; 11.8)

 Qu Zhiyong, et al., 2012 [15], Cross-sectional

Mianzhu People’s hospital and Mianzhu Maternal and Child Health hospital, China

30 km

8.0, Wenchuan county, Sichuan province

18 months before pregnancy

311

No comparison group

1, 2, 3

EPDS ≥10

IES-R ≥ 2

Yes

40.8 (35.5; 46.4)

 

No

12.2 (9.0; 16.4)

 

 Dong Xuehan, et al., 2013 [16], Cross-sectional

Mianzhu People’s hospital, Mianzhu Maternal and Child Health hospital and Gaobeidian County Hospital, China

30 km

8.0, Wenchuan county, Sichuan province

4 years before pregnancy

252

268

2

EPDS ≥10

Yes

34.5 (28.9; 40.6);

39.6 (33.9; 45.5)

P = 0.236

 Ren et al., 2015 [19], Cross-sectional

3 hospitals of Ya’an City, China

0 km

7.0, Lushan county, Ya’an city

During pregnancy

128

No comparison group

2

EPDS ≥14

No

35.2 (26.9; 44.1)

  

High economies

 Chang Hseuh-ling, et al., 2002 [18], Cross-sectional

Antenatal clinic of Pu-Li Christian Hospital, Taiwan

a few km away (exact km not reported)

7.3, central Taiwan

During or 6 to 12 months before pregnancy

171

No comparison group

Not reported

CHQ-12 > 3

No

29.2 (22.5; 36.7)

 

 Hibino Yuri, et al., 2009 [13], Cross-sectional

Four hospitals, Noto area Japan

0 km

6.9, Noto Peninsula

During or about 3 months before pregnancy

99

No comparison group

2, 3

EPDS ≥10

No

13.1 (7.2; 21.4)

 

 Watanabe et al., 2016 [14], Cross-sectional

14 units centre from 7 municipalities in Japan

near to epicentre (km not reported)

9.0, near Miyagi

During pregnancy

670

6803

Not reported

K6 ≥ 13

No

4.6 (3.2; 6.5)

3.1 (2.7; 3.6)

  1. Note: CI Confidence Interval, km kilo meter, CMD Common Mental Disorder, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, IES-R Impact of Event Scale-Revised, CHQ Chinese Health Questionnaire, K6 Kessler −6