Table 1 Scores (mean ± S.D.) of the Illness Attitude Scales in healthy volunteers (controls, n = 129), and patients with bipolar I (BD I, n = 87) and II (BD II, n = 92) disorders

Patho-thanatophobia

12.19 ± 6.99

−3.39~1.83 vs. controls

16.86 ± 9.58a,b

1.43~6.55 vs. controls

1.96 ~  7.58 vs. BD I

Symptom Effect

7.62 ± 4.10a

1.12 ~  3.61 vs. controls

8.36 ± 4.05a

1.91 ~  4.35 vs. controls

Treatment Seeking

13.31 ± 4.90a

.30 ~  3.08 vs. controls

13.35 ± 4.22a

.38 ~  3.10 vs. controls

Hypochondriacal Belief

8.05 ± 3.66

−.36~1.98 vs. controls

8.74 ± 4.15a

.42 ~  2.72 vs. controls