Table 2 Scales scores (mean ± S.D.) of personality and affective states in healthy volunteers (controls, n = 129), and patients with bipolar I (BD I, n = 86) and II (BD II, n = 92) disorders

 Paranoid

19.07 ± 6.65

24.51 ± 5.70a

3.11~7.76 vs. controls

26.27 ± 8.27a

4.86~9.43 vs. controls

 Schizoid

18.67 ± 3.78

19.68 ± 4.00

−.27~2.28 vs. controls

21.15 ± 3.76a

1.12 ~  3.64 vs. controls

 Schizotypal

8.49 ± 3.13

10.07 ± 3.13a

1.02~3.41 vs. controls

12.36 ± 4.3a,b

2.69~5.03 vs. controls

.36 ~  2.93 vs. BD I

 Antisocial

17.40 ± 5.62

21.05 ± 4.99a

1.78~5.52 vs. controls

22.92 ± 6.17a

3.44~7.12 vs. controls

 Borderline

18.09 ± 5.68

23.09 ± 6.60a

2.67~7.33 vs. controls

26.56 ± 8.65a,b

6.26~10.84 vs. controls

1.04 ~  6.06 vs. BD I

 Histrionic

11.47 ± 3.62

14.44 ± 3.31a

1.71~4.23 vs. controls

15.31 ± 4.40a

2.52~5.00 vs. controls

 Narcissistic

14.55 ± 5.00

18.44 ± 5.11a

2.11~5.66 vs. controls

19.91 ± 5.93a

3.42~6.91 vs. controls

 Avoidant

23.40 ± 7.13

27.56 ± 6.36a

1.75~6.57 vs. controls

29.41 ± 8.04a

3.74~8.48 vs. controls

 Dependent

20.38 ± 5.97

24.06 ± 5.07a

1.60~5.75 vs. controls

26.34 ± 7.45a,b

4.00~8.08 vs. controls

.13 ~  4.60 vs. BD I

 Obsessive-compulsive

16.34 ± 4.22

18.39 ± 3.89a

.62~3.48 vs. controls

18.00 ± 4.70a

.34~3.15 vs. controls

 Passive-aggressive

18.64 ± 5.36

22.10 ± 4.95a

1.62~5.31 vs. controls

23.97 ± 6.24a

3.35~6.98 vs. controls

Plutchik-van Praag

14.84 ± 12.30

14.94 ± 11.76a

1.44 ~ 8.99 vs. controls

21.92 ± 13.58 a,b

8.51 ~ 15.88 vs. controls

Depression Inventory

2.92 ~ 11.05 vs. BD I

Mood Disorder

2.30 ± 2.56

8.33 ± 3.08a

5.11 ~ 6.94 vs. controls

5.34 ± 2.60a,b

2.14 ~ 3.93 vs. controls

Questionnaire

-3.97~-2.01 vs. BD I

Hypomanic Checklist-32

11.62 ± 5.04

19.16 ± 6.32a

5.76 ~ 9.33 vs. controls

17.66 ± 4.67a

4.29 ~ 7.79 vs. controls