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Table 2 War-related characteristics and types of current stressors

From: Long-term psychological distress of Bosnian war survivors: an 11-year follow-up of former displaced persons, returnees, and stayers

 

Stayers (n = 33)

Displaced (n = 27)

Returnee (n = 38)

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Number of years in war zone, mean (SD)

 

2.93 (1.88)

 

1.99 (1.73)

 

Number of years in displacement setting, mean (SD)

 

0.95 (1.87)

 

4.21 (1.59)

 

Loss of possessions, % (n)

39.3 (13)

 

81.40 (22)

 

68.4 (26)

 

Damage to home, % (n)

54.5 (18)

 

48.10 (13)

 

78.9 (30)

 

Repatriation-related variables, mean (SD)a

 Material satisfaction

 

−0.01 (1.05)

 

−0.19 (1.12)

 

 Identification with home country

 

0.11 (0.57)

 

0.86 (0.59)

 

 Community feeling

 

0.51 (1.01)

 

−0.67 (1.19)

 

Type of current stressor, % (n)bc

 Bad living conditions

27.2 (9)

59.2 (16)

18.5 (5)

52.6 (20)

21.1 (8)

 Worries about stay in accommodation

9.1 (3)

74.1 (20)

11.1 (3)

28.9 (11)

13.1 (5)

 Lack of identity papers

12.1 (4)

14.8 (4)

7.4 (2)

7.8 (3)

10.5 (4)

 Unemployment

15.1 (5)

25.9 (7)

40.7 (11)

36.8 (14)

13.1 (5)

 Bad job conditions

18.2 (6)

14.8 (4)

14.8 (4)

13.1 (5)

10.5 (4)

 Little help with welfare

18.2 (6)

7.4 (2)

18.5 (5)

10.5 (4)

18.4 (7)

 Debts

12.1 (4)

48.1 (13)

11.1 (3)

47.3 (18)

15.7 (6)

 Serious health problems

48.4 (16)

44.4 (12)

55.5 (15)

39.4 (18)

36.8 (14)

 Poor access to medical care

24.2 (8)

22.2 (6)

37.1 (10)

15.7 (6)

10.5 (4)

 Family problems

9.1 (3)

11.1 (3)

11.1 (3)

5.2 (2)

10.5 (4)

 Loved ones missingd

12.1 (4)

48.1 (13)

70.3 (19)

21.1 (8)

28.9 (11)

 Separation from loved onesd

29.6 (8)

47.3 (18)

  1. Note: (−) not calculated. a Measured using the QII [16], scores range from −1 (“I do not agree”) to 1 (“I agree”). b Assessed with the stressor list of the CWE [18]. c N = 65 at baseline; the stressor list was not completed by stayers at baseline. d Compound score