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Table 2 Baseline maternal and children’s characteristics in relation to mode of delivery

From: Elective caesarean section on maternal request prior to 39 gestational weeks and childhood psychopathology: a birth cohort study in China

Characteristics

Vaginal delivery (n = 1148)

ECS with medical indications (n = 1154)

ECS on maternal request (n = 693)

Emergency caesarean section (n = 324)

Total

Maternal characteristics

 Maternal age (years) (mean ± SD) **

26.1 ± 3.1

27.3 ± 3.6

27.1 ± 3.5

26.5 ± 2.9

26.8 ± 3.4

 Maternal educational years (mean ± SD)*

12.9 ± 3.6

13.3 ± 3.2

12.9 ± 3.2

13.3 ± 3.1

13.0 ± 3.3

Residence (n/%)**a

 Urban areas

981/85.7

1041/90.3

614/88.6

271/83.9

2907/87.7

 Rural areas

164/14.3

112/9.7

79/11.4

52/16.1

407/12.3

Family monthly income per capita (n/%)**b

  ≤ 2000 RMB yuan

696/60.8

640/55.5

409/59.0

177/54.8

1922/58.0

 2001–7999 RMB yuan

439/38.4

509/44.1

273/39.4

145/44.9

1366/41.2

  ≥ 8000 RMB yuan

9/0.8

4/0.3

11/1.6

1/0.3

25/0.8

Previous adverse pregnant outcomes (n/%) **

500/43.6

585/50.7

371/53.5

140/43.2

1596/48.1

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD)**

19.9 ± 2.1

20.6 ± 2.7

20.1 ± 2.3

20.2 ± 2.1

20.2 ± 2.3

Primiparity (n/%)

1094/95.3

1087/94.2

660/95.2

315/97.2

3156/95.1

Pregnant complications (n/%)*

147/12.8

196/17.0

110/15.9

41/12.7

494/14.9

Pregnancy-related anxiety scores in 1st trimester of pregnancy (mean ± SD)

20.7 ± 4.9

21.0 ± 5.0

21.2 ± 5.0

20.6 ± 4.8

20.9 ± 4.9

Pregnancy-related anxiety in 1st trimester of pregnancy (n/%)

270/23.5

286/24.8

190/27.4

79/24.4

825/24.9

Pregnancy-related anxiety scores in 3rd trimester of pregnancy (mean ± SD)**

19.2 ± 4.1

19.2 ± 4.3

19.9 ± 4.5

19.6 ± 4.5

19.4 ± 4.3

Pregnancy-related anxiety in 3rd trimester of pregnancy (n/%)

152/13.2

144/12.5

110/15.9

54/16.7

460/13.9

Children’s characteristics

 Children’s age (years) (mean ± SD)**

3.8 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.6

3.7 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.5

 Children’ gender (n/%)

  Male

604/52.6

643/55.7

352/50.8

176/54.3

1775/53.5

  Female

544/47.4

511/44.3

341/49.2

148/45.7

1544/46.5

 Birth weight (g) (mean ± SD) **

3320.2 ± 402.5

3472.5 ± 492.3

3450.5 ± 380.4

3535.3 ± 396.6

3421.4 ± 437.7

A pgar score

 1 min

9.9 ± 0.6

9.9 ± 0.6

10.0 ± 0.5

10.0 ± 0.7

9.9 ± 0.6

 5 min

10.0 ± 0.3

10.0 ± 0.3

10.0 ± 0.3

10.0 ± 0.4

10.0 ± 0.3

Full breastfeeding during 4–6 postnatal months (n/%)

249/21.7

246/21.3

144/20.8

74/22.8

713/21.5

  1. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01
  2. a3 missing values in women with vaginal delivery, 1 missing value in women having ECS with medical indications and 1 missing value in women with emergency caesarean section
  3. b4 missing values in women with vaginal delivery, 1 missing value in women having ECS with medical indications and 1 missing value in women with emergency caesarean section