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Table 3 Estimated differencesa in change of outcome in the intervention group over follow-ups at 6, 12 and 18 months

From: Effectiveness of a self-management training for patients with chronic and treatment resistant anxiety or depressive disorders on quality of life, symptoms, and empowerment: results of a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

 

Estimate of mean difference (95% CI)

t (df)

P

Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREFb)

 Total score

6 months (T1)

0.69 (− 2.56 to 3.93)

0.42 (354)

0.678

12 months (T2)

3.88 (0.49 to 7.27)

2.25 (356)

0.025*

18 months (T3)

1.89 (− 1.53 to 5.31)

1.09 (356)

0.279

Anxiety (BAIc)

 Total score

6 months (T1)

0.88 (− 2.37 to 4.12)

0.53 (352)

0.595

12 months (T2)

−1.31 (− 4.72 to 2.10)

−0.76 (355)

0.451

18 months (T3)

−0.27 (− 3.70 to 3.16)

−0.16 (355)

0.875

Depression (PHQ-9d)

 Total score

6 months (T1)

0.09 (− 1.74 to 1.92)

0.10 (354)

0.921

12 months (T2)

0.09 (−1.82 to 2.01)

0.10 (358)

0.923

18 months (T3)

1.14 (− 0.79 to 3.08)

1.16 (358)

0.247

Empowerment (NELe)

 Total score

6 months (T1)

5.41 (0.42 to 10.40)

2.13 (353)

0.034*

12 months (T2)

6.39 (1.19 to 11.59)

2.42 (355)

0.016*

18 months (T3)

0.00 (− 5.24 to 5.25)

0.00 (355)

0.999

  1. *Significant difference (of the ‘treatment × time’ effect relative to the control condition at baseline)
  2. aAll estimates are adjusted for ‘partner status’ and ‘duration of current symptoms’
  3. bWHOQOL-BREF World Health Organisation Quality of Life, Brief version
  4. cBAI Beck Anxiety Inventory
  5. dPHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire
  6. eNEL Netherlands Empowerment List