| n | Pre | Post | Follow-up | Pre-post within | Pre-FU within | Post between | FU between | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OM (OSD) | EM (SE) | OM (OSD) | EM (SE) | OM (OSD) | EM (SE) | ||||||
CHS | |||||||||||
 Training group | 19 | 2.19 (0.57) | 2.17 (0.10) | 2.54 (0.60) | 2.51 (0.10) | 2.46 (0.59) | 2.43 (0.10) | 0.57*** | 0.41* | 0.15 | 0.01 |
 Wait list control group | 18 | 2.23 (0.54) | 2.23 (0.12) | 2.41 (0.53) | 2.41 (0.12) | 2.43 (0.46) | 2.43 (0.12) | 0.33 | 0.36 |  |  |
Cheerfulness (STCI) | |||||||||||
 Training group | 19 | 2.02 (0.52) | 2.00 (0.11) | 2.36 (0.63) | 2.35 (0.11) | 2.27 (0.72) | 2.26 (0.11) | 0.31 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
 Wait list control group | 18 | 2.08 (0.41) | 2.07 (0.13) | 2.41 (0.61) | 2.41 (0.12) | 2.28 (0.45) | 2.28 (0.12) | 0.32 | 0.21 |  |  |
Seriousness (STCI) | |||||||||||
 Training group | 19 | 3.38 (0.40) | 3.41 (0.14) | 2.83 (0.62) | 2.84 (0.14) | 2.74 (0.70) | 2.75 (0.14) | 0.53** | 0.59*** | 0.04 | 0.16 |
 Wait list control group | 18 | 3.31 (0.29) | 3.29 (0.11) | 2.90 (0.59) | 2.90 (0.11) | 2.98 (0.43) | 2.99 (0.11) | 0.52** | 0.44* |  |  |
Bad mood (STCI) | |||||||||||
 Training group | 19 | 2.66 (0.58) | 2.74 (0.19) | 2.06 (0.86) | 2.09 (0.20) | 2.11 (0.93) | 2.13 (0.20) | 0.58*** | 0.56** | 0.03 | 0.08 |
 Wait list control group | 18 | 2.64 (0.70) | 2.62 (0.18) | 2.01 (0.60) | 2.01 (0.17) | 2.30 (0.81) | 2.30 (0.17) | 0.45* | 0.26 |  |  |
Depression (CES-D) | |||||||||||
 Training group | 19 | 18.63 (9.21) | 18.63 (2.30) | 13.82 (9.75) | 14.15 (2.41) | 15.24 (10.81) | 15.56 (2.41) | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
 Wait list control group | 18 | 17.39 (8.53) | 17.39 (1.67) | 17.28 (6.40) | 17.28 (1.67) | 15.67 (6.13) | 15.67 (1.67) | 0.01 | 0.19 |  |  |
Anxiety (STAI) | |||||||||||
 Training group | 19 | 50.11 (12.51) | 50.11 (3.38) | 45.06 (15.00) | 45.44 (3.54) | 45.89 (16.55) | 46.27 (3.54) | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
 Wait list control group | 18 | 50.61 (11.51) | 50.61 (2.60) | 49.94 (11.15) | 49.94 (2.60) | 51.56 (10.43) | 51.56 (2.60) | 0.04 | 0.05 |  |  |
Well-Being (WHO-5) | |||||||||||
 Training group | 19 | 13.42 (4.03) | 13.42 (1.02) | 15.35 (4.27) | 15.39 (1.08) | 15.29 (5.03) | 15.33 (1.08) | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
 Wait list control group | 18 | 13.33 (3.85) | 13.33 (0.91) | 16.39 (3.58) | 16.39 (0.91) | 14.78 (4.11) | 14.78 (0.91) | 0.57*** | 0.31 |  |  |
Gelotophobia (GELOPH) | |||||||||||
 Training group | 19 | 2.25 (0.61) | 2.25 (0.15) | 1.94 (0.63) | 1.97 (0.15) | 2.03 (0.69) | 2.07 (0.15) | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
 Wait list control group | 18 | 2.18 (0.64) | 2.18 (0.15) | 1.94 (0.62) | 1.94 (0.15) | 2.13 (0.69) | 2.13 (0.15) | 0.41* | 0.10 |  |  |