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Table 1 Aims and methodological characteristics of the included studies

From: A systematic review of palliative care tools and interventions for people with severe mental illness

Authors

Date

Country

Aim

Study design/ population

Data collection

Burton et al.

2016

USA [56]

Examine the validity of the CARING criteria for adults admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit.

Quantitative retrospective design /

Inpatients at an acute psychiatric unit (n = 276).

1) 276 medical records

2) Data included:

Demographic information; CARING criteria including National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) non-cancer hospice guidelines; ICU admission with multi-organ failure, and mortality within 1 year of index hospitalization; date of death.

Foti et al.

2005

USA [57]

Examine preferences regarding advance healthcare planning among persons with SMI, specifically, experience, beliefs, values and concerns about healthcare proxies and end-of-life issues

Mixed-methods design / 150 patients with SMI who received mental health services. They had at least one medical diagnosis.

1) Data form: sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses (DSM-IV), medication, medical conditions, frequency of medical specialty visits or hospitalizations, and Current Evaluation of Risk and Functioning-Revised (CERF-R) scores.

2) Structured interview with the Health Care Preferences Questionnaire (HCPQ).

3) Interview feedback + follow-up

Foti et al.

2005

USA [58]

Ascertain preferences for end-of-life care in relation to various hypothetical medical health state scenarios among persons with SMI.

Mixed-methods design / 150 patients with SMI who received mental health services. They had at least one medical diagnosis.

1) Structured interview with the Health Care Preferences Questionnaire (HCPQ) supplemented with two hypothetical health state scenarios, and questions derived from the Quest to Die With Dignity.

2) Interview feedback + follow-up

Smits et al.

2015

The Netherlands [59]

Examine the following questions:

1) Is the pilot implementation of the Palliative Care Standard perceived as useful and usable by the participants?

2) Is the Palliative Care Standard usable for contracting policies by the health insurance companies?

3) Are the recommendations in the Care Standard feasible in clinical practice?

4) Is the Palliative Care Standard usable for specific target groups (e.g. people with a psychiatric illness)?

Mixed-methods design / 105 participants, including project leaders of the pilot implementation, care professionals, patient representatives, informal caregivers and managers from seven different healthcare settings (e.g. mental healthcare, general hospital care, hospice care, general practices)

• Questionnaires

• Interviews

• Several focus group discussions in which findings and opinions about the pilot implementation were examined