Table 3 Sociodemographic, diagnosis-related and treatment-related characteristics: groupwise comparisons voluntary vs. involuntary patients
From: A retrospective analysis of determinants of involuntary psychiatric in-patient treatment
Category | Voluntary [%[ | Involuntary [%] | N | Missings [%] | Statistical measures | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||
Gender | Female | 44.4 | 45.2 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = .323 | p = 0.581 | |||
Age (years) | M | SD | 44.0 | 15.1 | 48.0 | 20.0 | 5764 | 0 | T(5762) = −8.484 | p < 0.001 |
Marital status | Single | 55.3 | 54.1 | 9860 | 3.1 | χ2(4) = 81.324 | p < 0.001 | |||
Married | 17.4 | 20.2 | ||||||||
Widowed | 6.0 | 10.8 | ||||||||
Divorced | 16.8 | 11.6 | ||||||||
Living apart | 4.5 | 3.3 | ||||||||
Relationship | Yes | 39.6 | 38.9 | 8829 | 13.2 | χ2(1) = .235 | p = 0.644 | |||
Children | At least one child | 45.2 | 46.4 | 9082 | 10.7 | χ2(1) = .731 | P = 0.393 | |||
Migration background | Yes | 27.7 | 31.0 | 10,120 | .5 | χ2(1) = 7.688 | P = 0.006 | |||
Living situation | Home alone | 42.3 | 37.4 | 9766 | 4.0 | χ2(4) = 28.573 | p < 0.001 | |||
Family/ partner | 34.7 | 36.1 | ||||||||
Community | 3.6 | 3.6 | ||||||||
Assisted accomodation | 12.2 | 16.4 | ||||||||
Emergency accomodation, homeless | 7.2 | 6.4 | ||||||||
School education | No graduation | 15.7 | 17.3 | 7010 | 31.1 | χ2(3) = 3.940 | p = 0.268 | |||
Lower secondary education | 33.4 | 32.6 | ||||||||
Higher secondary education | 20.8 | 22.1 | ||||||||
A-levels/highschool diploma | 30.2 | 27.9 | ||||||||
Professional education | None | 38.5 | 39.6 | 8117 | 20.2 | χ2(3) = 27.309 | p < 0.001 | |||
Apprenticeship | 44.4 | 38.6 | ||||||||
Secondary apprenticeship | 6.1 | 9.3 | ||||||||
University | 11.0 | 12.5 | ||||||||
Current professional situation | Employed | 21.2 | 16.3 | 8935 | 12.2 | χ2(4) = 140.282 | p < 0.001 | |||
Unemployed | 45.1 | 36.3 | ||||||||
Housewife/−husband | 3.6 | 5.6 | ||||||||
Retired | 23.8 | 37.2 | ||||||||
In training | 6.3 | 4.7 | ||||||||
Degree of employment | None | 82.8 | 88.2 | 8505 | 16.4 | χ2(2) = 25.880 | p < 0.001 | |||
Full time | 13.5 | 9.2 | ||||||||
Part time | 3.7 | 2.7 | ||||||||
Main income source | Employment | 21.3 | 17.3 | 8454 | 16.9 | χ2(4) = 112.156 | p < 0.001 | |||
Pension | 25.4 | 39.0 | ||||||||
Own fortune | 0.8 | 0.5 | ||||||||
Unemployment benefits | 46.6 | 36.8 | ||||||||
Support | 5.9 | 6.4 | ||||||||
Diagnosis-related and treatment-related characteristics | ||||||||||
Main diagnosis a ICD-10 Codes b | F0 | 3.9 | 18.6 | 10,170 | 0.0 | χ2(6) = 845.642 | p < 0.001 | |||
F1 | 37.9 | 23.2 | ||||||||
F2 | 17.7 | 31.4 | ||||||||
F3 | 30.8 | 16.1 | ||||||||
F4 | 5.5 | 5.0 | ||||||||
F6 | 3.2 | 3.7 | ||||||||
Other | 1.0 | 2.0 | ||||||||
Main or secondary diagnoses ICD-10 Codes b | F0 | 5.1 | 20.4 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 479.289 | p < 0.001 | |||
F1 | 57.8 | 47.0 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 69.080 | p < 0.001 | ||||
F2 | 20.7 | 34.9 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 163.635 | p < 0.001 | ||||
F3 | 42.5 | 22.4 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 246.564 | p < 0.001 | ||||
F4 | 15.4 | 9.3 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 44.513 | p < 0.001 | ||||
F6 | 15.6 | 14.0 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 2.806 | p = 0.096 | ||||
F7 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = .173 | p = 0.642 | ||||
F9 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 9.213 | p = 0.003 | ||||
Psychiatric comorbidities (dual diagnoses) | F1 + F2 | 8.4 | 12.0 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 22.647 | p < 0.001 | |||
F1 + F6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 10,171 | χ2(1) = 0.033 | p = 0.856 | |||||
Legal guardianship | Yes, before admission | 15.3 | 28.7 | 8643 | 15.0 | χ2(1) = 134.794 | p < 0.001 | |||
Suicidal tendency upon admission | Present | 20.9 | 37.9 | 10,133 | .4 | χ2(1) = 230.003 | p < 0.001 | |||
Previous suicide attempts | Yes | 25.0 | 30.1 | 8332 | 18.1 | χ2(1) = 14.977 | p < 0.001 | |||
Length of in-patient stay (days) | M | SD | 20.7 | 25.5 | 27.9 | 36.8 | 5763 | 0 | T(2.556) = − 7.489 | p < 0.001 |
Treatment before admission | No previous treatment | 37.3 | 38.9 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 1.619 | p = 0.205 | |||
Out-patient psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment | 33.1 | 31.1 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 2.603 | p = 0.113 | ||||
Psychosocial service/psychosocial centre | 1.0 | 2.4 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 21.306 | p < 0.001 | ||||
Out-patient unit/day hospital | 22.5 | 16.7 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 29.072 | p < 0.001 | ||||
Time of admission | Regular service hours: 8 a.m. - 4 p.m., Mondays-Fridays | 61.1 | 37.1 | 10,171 | 0 | χ2(1) = 342.021 | p < 0.001 | |||
Outside of regular service hours | 38.9 | 62.9 | ||||||||
Previous psychiatric hospital stays c | None | 22.8 | 28.4 | 9848 | 3.2 | χ2(1) = 23.240 | p < 0.001 | |||
At least one | 77.2 | 71.6 | ||||||||