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Table 2 Bivariate analysis of various factors associated with pasung of patients with schizophrenia in Bogor Regency, Indonesia 2017 (N = 250)

From: Factors associated with pasung (physical restraint and confinement) of schizophrenia patients in Bogor regency, West Java Province, Indonesia 2017

Variable

Case (N = 114)

Control (N = 136)

Crude OR

95% CI

p-value

n

%

n

%

Age (years)

  < 32

53

46.49

77

56.62

0.66

0.39–1.13

0.11a

  > 32

61

53.51

59

43.38

   

Sex

 Male

76

66.67

95

69.85

0.86

0.48–1.52

0.58

 Female

38

33.33

41

30.15

   

Marital status

 Divorced/widowed

96

60.5

107

79.6

1.35

0.7–2.6

0.38

 Married

18

29.5

27

21.4

   

Aggressive/violentbehavior

 Yes

69

60.53

31

22.79

5.19

2.89–9.35

< 0.001a

 No

45

39.47

105

77.21

   

Self mutilation/suicide attempt

 Yes

61

53.51

62

45.59

1.37

0.80–2.33

0.21a

 No

53

46.49

74

54.41

   

Relapse

 Yes

105

97.22

120

88.89

4.37

1.18–24.09

0.01a

 No

3

2.78

15

11.11

   

Family education

 Low

101

88.6

109

80.15

0.57

0.10–3.08

0.52

 Medium

10

8.77

23

16.91

1.23

0.26–5.65

0.78

 High

3

2.63

4

2.94

   

Family member’s employment

 Unemployed

69

60.53

76

55.88

2.4

1.04–5.53

0.03a

 Informal employment

33

28.95

32

23.53

2.11

0.99–4.48

0.05a

 Formal employment

12

10.53

28

20.59

   

Family’s knowledge

 Less

61

53.51

67

49.26

1.18

0.69–2.01

0.5

 Good

53

46.49

69

50.74

   

Family’s attitude

 Negative

73

64.04

48

35.29

3.26

1.8–5.67

< 0.001a

 Positive

41

35.96

88

64.71

   

Health Insurance

 Yes

18

15.79

36

26.67

0.51

0.25–1.00

0.03a

 No

96

84.21

99

73.33

   

Economic status

 Low

83

79.05

76

63.33

1

0.34–2.89

1

 Middle

14

13.33

28

23.33

2.18

0.88–5.39

0.09a

 High

8

7.62

16

13.33

   

Area of residence

 Rural

112

98.25

130

95.59

2.58

0.44–26.58

0.23a

 Urban

2

1.75

6

4.41

   
  1. aconsidered for multivariate analysis