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Table 1 Characteristics of the Intervention group, Control group and Total group1 at baseline. Mean (SD) unless noted otherwise

From: EFFORT-D: results of a randomised controlled trial testing the EFFect of running therapy on depression

 

Intervention group (n = 24)

Control group (n = 22)

Total group (n = 46)

Chi-square (χ2) Anova (F) Fisher’s exact (Fe)

Age, yrs.

42.2 (9.3)

40.1 (9.0)

41.2 (9.1)

F = .60

Sex, women %

79.2

40.9

60.9

χ2 = 7.05**

Education2, n

17

19

36

 

 Low %

18

26

22

Fe = .75

 Middle %

47

53

50

 

 High %

35

21

28

 

 Hamilton-D173

20.1 (5.2)

24.3 (5.4)

22.1 (5.6)

F = 7.33*

 Fitness parameters4, n

24

20

44

 

 Wmax, Watt∙kg− 1

3.85 (.66)

3.91 (.65)

3.88 (.64)

F = 4.43*

 VO2max, ml∙min−1∙kg− 1

29.1 (6.9)

35.7 (6.0)

31.6 (7.1)

F = 5.85*

 Heartbeat at rest, b∙min−1

75.7 (12.3)

80.0 (16.0)

77.7 (12.2)

F = 1.10

 Grip strength5, kg, n

18

16

34

 

 Left

31.3 (13.2)

33.6 (11.9)

32.4 (12.5)

F = .29

 Right

33.1 (16.6)

38.6 (15.1)

35.4 (15.8)

F = .84

Body composition, n

24

22

46

 

 BMI

28.8 (5.9)

27.3 (6.1)

28.1 (6.0)

F = .70

 Fat Free Mass, kg

51.2 (11.9)

58.5 (13.1)

54.7 (12.8)

F = 3.87

 Muscle Mass, kg

27.0 (4.5)

31.1 (4.8)

29.0 (5.0)

F = 8.41*

 Visceral Fat, kg

8.3 (2.8)

8.6 (4.5)

8.4 (3.6)

F = .08

 Waist circumference, cm

98.3 (13.5)

97.4 (15.2)

97.9 (14.2)

F = .05

 Blood pressure, n

24

22

46

 

 Systolic, mmHg

143.4 (24.2)

143.0 (17.1)

143.2 (20.9)

F = .00

 Diastolic, mmHg

88.9 (12.5)

88.0 (9.6)

88.5 (11.1)

F = .07

Blood parameters6, n

18

10

28

 

 Fasting blood glucose, mmol∙l−1

4.9 (.44)

5.1 (.56)

5.0 (.48)

F = .598

 Cholesterol, mmol∙l−1

5.1 (.68)

5.8 (1.33)

5.3 (.99)

F = 2.99

 HDL Cholesterol, mmol∙l−1

1.33 (.36)

1.55 (1.04)

1.41 (.67)

F = .67

 Cholesterol/HDL Cholesterol, mmol∙l−1

4.0 (.98)

4.7 (1.1)

4.4 (1.8)

F = 2.43

 Triglycerides, mmol∙l−1

1.46 (.94)

1.8 (1.17)

1.5 (1.0)

F = .693

Anxiety: BAI7, n

10

11

21

 

18.5 (10.8)

28.5 (13.1)

23.7 (12.8)

F = 3.59

Pain: GCPS8, n

11

11

22

Fe = .58

 A

2

1

3

 

 B

6

7

13

 

 C

3

3

6

 

Pain medication %

64

72

68

F = .65

Quality of Life: EQ5-D9, n

17

21

38

 

37.5 (20.3)

29.7 (16.3)

33.2 (18.4)

F = 1.71

Costs: TIC-P10, n

19

21

40

 

 Contact GP last 6 weeks %

58

95

77

Fe = .007**

 Work Sickness leave < 1 month %

85

85

85

Fe = .70

 Work Sickness leave > 1 month %

54

54

54

Fe = .65

 Housework disability %

71

77

74

Fe = .66

 Housework help needed %

47

61

54

Fe = .52

Medication, n

24

22

46

 

 Antidepressant %

74

86

72

Fe = .44

 Benzodiazepines %

42

68

50

Fe = .12

 Mood stabilizer %

16

4

10

Fe = .32

 Antipsychotic %

16

23

19

Fe = .70

 Somatic medication %

31

45

39

Fe = .52

Duration antidepressant before inclusion

   

Fe = 1.0

 0–3 months %

36

43

39

 

 3–6 months %

50

47

48

 

  > 6 months %

14

10

13

 
  1. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 (2-tailed test)
  2. 1 45% inpatients (17% emergency ward, 28% day-hospital), 55% outpatients
  3. 2 Missing questionnaires n = 10
  4. 3 14–18: moderate depression, 19–27: severe depression, > 27: very severe depression
  5. 4 Two participants in the control group with physical problems during the bicycle test
  6. 5 Missing n = 12: Mechanical defect grip strength meter
  7. 6 Missing n = 22: No show at blood lab
  8. 7 Beck Anxiety Index, Missing n = 25; 16–26 moderate-severe anxiety, > 26 = severe anxiety
  9. 8 Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Missing n = 24; Pain in body parts max = 7: A = 0–3, B = 3–5, C = 5–7
  10. 9 Euroquol 5-D, Missing n = 8. Subjective Health (1–100 scale, 100 = optimal)
  11. 10 Trimbos/iMTA Costs Associated with Psychiatric Illness, Missing n = 6