Table 2 Results of General Linear Model tests (interaction time by group) and effect sizes of Intention-to-treat (ITT) and Per-protocol (PP) analysis1
Outcome variable | Analysis | Intervention group T0 | Intervention group T3 | Control group T0 | Control group T3 | GLM (interaction time by group) | Effect size Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HAM-D17 | ITT (NI = 12; NC = 7) | 19.1 (5.2) | 17.1 (6.6) | 25.1 (6.6) | 22.3 (8.3) | F = .13 p = .73 | 0.18 |
PP (NI = 8; NC = 7) | 17.7 (2.9) | 14.4 (4.5) | 25.1 (6.6) | 22.3 (8.3) | F = .03 p = .85 | 0.10 | |
Wmax (Watt.kg−1) | ITT (NI = 10; NC = 6) | 2.29 (0.54) | 2.64 (0.69) | 2.76 (0.64) | 2.73 (0.66) | F = 6.1 p = .03* | 1.71 |
PP (NI = 7; NC = 6) | 2.24 (0.49) | 2.60 (0.60) | 2.76 (0.64) | 2.73 (0.66) | F = 8.0 p = .02* | 1.31 | |
VO2max (ml∙min−1∙kg− 1) | ITT (NI = 10; NC = 6) | 29.1 (6.8) | 34.5 (8.6) | 35.8 (6.0) | 36.11 (7.9) | F = 7.1 p = .02* | 1.47 |
PP (NI = 7; NC = 6) | 28.7 (6.1) | 34.1 (7.2) | 35.8 (6.0) | 36.11 (7.9) | F = 14.3 p = .003** | 2.29 | |
Heartbeat at rest (b∙min−1) | ITT and PP (NI = 7; NC = 6) | 90.0 (18.4) | 79.4 (14.1) | 82.1 (16.1) | 84.8 (20.4) | F = 1.2 p = .30 | 0.65 |
BMI | ITT (NI = 12; NC = 6) | 30.0 (6.0) | 29.4 (7.1) | 26.5 (6.6) | 27.6 (6.9) | F = 5.0 p = .04* | 1.19 |
PP (NI = 8; NC = 6) | 30.1 (6.2) | 29.8 (6.9) | 26.5 (6.6) | 27.6 (6.9) | F = 6.0 p = .03* | 1.42 | |
Visceral Fat (kg) | ITT (NI = 12; NC = 6) | 9.1 (2.4) | 8.5 (3.1) | 9.2 (5.3) | 9.7 (5.0) | F = 4.1 p = .06 | 1.07 |
PP (NI = 8; NC = 6) | 8.9 (2.7) | 8.5 (2.7) | 9.2 (5.3) | 9.7 (5.0) | F = 5.9 p = .03* | 1.41 | |
Muscle Mass (kg) | ITT (NI = 12; NC = 6) | 28.4 (4.9) | 29.2 (5.1) | 33.6 (3.2) | 33.3 (3.2) | F = 1.2 p = .27 | 0.58 |
PP (NI = 8; NC = 6) | 26.9 (4.3) | 27.2 (4.2) | 33.6 (3.2) | 33.3 (3.2) | F = .77 p = .39 | 0.51 | |
Waist circumference (cm) | ITT (NI = 12; NC = 7) | 102.6 (10.7) | 100.1 (10.5) | 96.4 (18.6) | 99.4 (18.3) | F = 3.4 p = .08 | 0.92 |
PP (NI = 8; NC = 7) | 102.4 (11.9) | 100.4 (9.8) | 96.4 (18.6) | 99.4 (18.3) | F = 3.0 p = .11 | 0.96 | |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | ITT (NI = 12; NC = 7) | 152.2 (23.4) | 140.2 (18.6) | 146.6 (22.7) | 142.6 (17.9) | F = 1.2 p = .30 | 0.54 |
PP (NI = 8; NC = 7) | 143.5 (11.6) | 138.0 (13.0) | 146.6 (22.7) | 142.6 (17.9) | F = .05 p = .82 | 0.12 | |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | ITT (NI = 12; NC = 7) | 90.9 (13.5) | 81.7 (10.7) | 86.3 (9.2) | 83.9 (9.4) | F = 1.8 p = .19 | 0.67 |
PP (NI = 8; NC = 7) | 86.6 (11.4) | 78.7 (9.5) | 86.3 (9.2) | 83.9 (9.4) | F = .95 p = .35 | 0.54 |