Implications of the clinical gestational diagnosis of ZIKV infection in the manifestation of symptoms of postpartum depression: a case-control study

Table 2 Behavioral characteristics and stressful events pertaining to the health of puerperal women, Brazil, 2017 (n = 213)

Characteristics	PPD Symptoms^a				Statistics
	Cases		Controls		OR (CI 95%)	p*
	n	%	n	%	OR (CI 95%)	p*
Behavioral variable ^b
Consumption of alcohol beverages during pregnancy
Yes	6	18.18	27	81.82	1.14(0.43–3.01)	0.989*
No	29	16.29	149	83.71
Cigarette smoker
Yes	9	20.00	36	80.00	1.38(0.59–3.21)	0.603*
No	25	15.34	138	84.66
User of marijuana, cocaine, freebase or crack before pregnancy
Yes	3	27.27	8	72.73	1.97(0.50–7.82)	0.397**
No	32	16.00	168	84.00
Was in contact with chemicals (pesticides) during pregnancy
Yes	7	25.00	21	75.00	1.78(0.69–4.57)	0.347*
No	29	15.76	155	84.24
History of stressful events^b
Clinical diagnosis of ZIKV during pregnancy
Yes	16	61.54	10	38.46	13.36(5.34–33.39)	0.001*
No	20	10.70	167	89.30
Separated or divorced in the last year
Yes	9	37.50	15	62.60	3.58(1.42–8.99)	0.011*
No	27	14.36	161	85.64
Lost her job in the last year
Yes	5	18.52	22	81.48	1.13(0.40–3.21)	0.787**
No	31	16.76	154	83.24
Was involved in a lawsuit in the last year
Yes	6	31.58	13	68.42	2.51(0.88–7.11)	0.103**
No	30	15.54	163	84.46
Someone close to her died in the last year
Yes	10	17.54	47	82.46	1.10(0.49–2.46)	0.985*
No	25	16.23	129	83.77
Was assaulted in the last year
Yes	0	0.00	1	100.00	1.20(1.130–1.275)	1.000**
No	35	16.67	175	83.33
A thief broke into her home in the last year
Yes	0	0.00	9	100	1.21(1.136–1.288)	0.361**
No	35	17.33	167	82.67
Suffered an accident in the last year
Yes	6	37.50	10	62.50	3.32(1.12–9.82)	0.035**
No	30	15.31	166	84.69

OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval; χ2 Test; *Mantel-Haenszel test;** Fisher’s Exact test; ^aScore of ≥13 on the EPDS Edinburgh postnatal depression scale; ^bSome did not respond

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