From: Cognitive insight and quality of life among psychiatric outpatients
Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Cognitive Insight (CI) (Composite) | Self-Reflectiveness (SR) | Self-Certainty (SC) | |||||||||
β | 95% CI†| p | β | 95% CI†| p | β | 95% CI†| p | ||||
Socio-demographic Variables | ||||||||||||
Age | ||||||||||||
 35–49 | −.968 | −2.467 | .532 | .205 | −.781 | −2.098 | .537 | .245 | .206 | −.831 | 1.242 | .697 |
 50–65 | −2.368 | −4.365 | −.371 | .020 | −2.288 | −4.042 | −.534 | .011 | .109 | −1.270 | 1.489 | .876 |
 21–34 | Reference | |||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
 Female | .672 | −.451 | 1.794 | .240 | .773 | −.213 | 1.759 | .124 | .117 | −.659 | .892 | .768 |
 Male | Reference | |||||||||||
Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
 Malay | −1.412 | −2.751 | −.073 | .039 | −.501 | − 1.677 | .676 | .403 | .932 | .007 | 1.857 | .048 |
 Indian | −1.306 | −2.845 | .233 | .096 | −.447 | −1.799 | .904 | .516 | .876 | −.187 | 1.939 | .106 |
 Chinese | Reference | |||||||||||
Education Level | ||||||||||||
 No formal education/PSLE | .068 | −2.457 | 2.594 | .958 | 2.078 | −.141 | 4.296 | .066 | 2.025 | .280 | 3.770 | .023 |
 Secondary/O level/N level/ Vocational | −.466 | −1.759 | .826 | .478 | .141 | −.994 | 1.276 | .807 | .633 | −.259 | 1.526 | .164 |
 Tertiary and above | .582 | −.918 | 2.082 | .446 | −.355 | −1.672 | .963 | .597 | −.898 | −1.933 | .138 | .089 |
 A level/Poly/Other Diploma | Reference | |||||||||||
Employment Status | ||||||||||||
 Unemployed | .140 | −.982 | 1.261 | .807 | .181 | −.804 | 1.166 | .718 | .059 | −.715 | .834 | .880 |
 Employed | Reference | |||||||||||
Marital Status | ||||||||||||
 Married | −.771 | −2.251 | .708 | .306 | −1.024 | −2.324 | .275 | .122 | −.253 | − 1.276 | .769 | .626 |
 Separated | −.868 | −3.017 | 1.281 | .428 | −.570 | −2.458 | 1.318 | .553 | .289 | −1.195 | 1.774 | .702 |
 Single | Reference | |||||||||||
Diagnostic Group | ||||||||||||
 Any Mood Disorder | .155 | −1.159 | 1.468 | .817 | .897 | −.257 | 2.051 | .127 | .748 | −.159 | 1.656 | .106 |
 Any Anxiety Disorder | 1.250 | −.125 | 2.624 | .075 | 1.827 | .619 | 3.034 | .003 | .532 | −.416 | 1.480 | .271 |
 Schizophrenia and related Psychosis | Reference | |||||||||||
R Squared Values | 0.071 | 0.058 | 0.07 |