Grandmothers’ mental health is associated with grandchildren’s emotional and behavioral development: a three-generation prospective study in Brazil

Table 2 Linear regression investigating associations between SRQ-20 scores and grandchild emotional problems across generations

	Model 1: Unadjusted β-coefficients (95% CI, p) for a 5-point increase in SRQ-20^d score			Model 2: Adjusted^a β-coefficients (95% CI, p) for a 5-point increase in SRQ-20^d score
G1 to G3 (n = 92)	All grandmothers	Maternal grandmothers (n = 68)	Paternal grandmothers (n = 24)	All grandmothers^b	Maternal grandmothers (n = 68)	Paternal grandmothers (n = 24)
Emotional problems in G3	1.3 (0.2, 2.4), 0.021	2.0 (0.8, 3.0), 0.001	− 0.1 (−3.0, 2.7), 0.934	1.3 (0.1, 2.6), 0.037	2.1 (0.8, 3.4), 0.001	− 0.9 (−5.4, 3.5), 0.666
G2 to G3 (n = 92)	All parents	Mothers	Fathers	All parents^c	Mothers	Fathers
Emotional problems in G3	0.9 (−16, 2.1), 0.092	1.7 (0.6, 2.8), 0.003	−1.2 (−4.3, 1.9), 0.446	0.9 (−26, 2.2), 0.123	1.8 (0.6, 3.0), 0.005	− 1.2 (− 5.8, 3.4), 0.578

Note: ^dSRQ-20: Self-Reported Questionnaire; ^aAdjusted for grandmother and parent schooling, family income, grandmother age, gender, grandmother ethnicity, grandchild age at assessment, parental and grandparental skin colour and gender, parental parity and marital status; ^bParent gender x grandmother symptoms interaction in Model 2: p = 0.049; ^cParent gender x symptoms interaction in Model 2: p = 0.033

ISSN: 1471-244X