Grandmothers’ mental health is associated with grandchildren’s emotional and behavioral development: a three-generation prospective study in Brazil

Table 3 Linear regression investigating associations between SRQ-20 scores and grandchild behavioural problems across generations

	Model 1: Unadjusted β-coefficients (95% CI, p) for a 5-point increase in SRQ-20^d score			Model 2: Adjusted^a β-coefficients (95% CI, p) for a 5-point increase in SRQ-20^d score
G1 to G3 (n = 92)	All grandmothers	Maternal grandmothers (n = 68)	Paternal grandmothers (n = 24)	All grandmothers^b	Maternal grandmothers (n = 68)	Paternal grandmothers (n = 24)
Behavioural problems in G3	1.8 (0.1, 3.6), 0.042	2.7 (0.7, 4.6), 0.008	−0.2 (−4.2, 4.6), 0.912	1.7 (− 0.3, 3.7), 0.94	2.5 (0.5, 4.7), 0.018	−3.4 (−11.5, 4.7), 0.377
G2 to G3 (n = 92)	All parents	Mothers	Fathers	All parents^c	Mothers	Fathers
Behavioural problems in G3	1.7 (−0.2, 3.7), 0.094	2.7 (0.7, 4.6), 0.008	−0.2 (−4.19, 3.8), 0.912	0.84 (− 0.9, 2.7), 0.366	2.0 (0.4, 3.9), 0.046	−2.7 (−8.9, 3.4), 0.355

Note: ^dSRQ-20: Self-Reported Questionnaire; ^aAdjusted for grandmother and parent schooling, family income, grandmother age, gender, grandmother ethnicity, grandchild age at assessment, parental and grandparental skin colour and gender, parental parity and marital status; ^bParent gender x grandmother symptoms interaction in Model 2: p = 0.042; ^cParent x gender symptoms interaction in Model 2: p = 0.018

ISSN: 1471-244X