Table 4 Perinatal risk factors and neurodevelopmental markers in the preterm VLBW and the term SGA group; linear regression with ASEBA ASR Total Problems score, AQ Sum score and PDI Grand Total score separately as dependent variables, and for each variable one at a time as covariate
ASEBA ASR | p | AQ | p | PDI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | ||||
Preterm VLBW | ||||||
Perinatal factors | ||||||
Gestational Age (weeks, n = 61/59/60) | −2.4 (−4.7 to − 0.05) | .161 | − 0.7 (−1.3 to − 0.1) | .102 | − 1.7 (−3.7 to 0.4) | .259 |
Birthweight (pr. 100 g, n = 61/59/60) | − 2.2 (− 4.7 to 0.4) | .184 | − 0.5 (− 1.2 to 0.1) | .212 | − 2.0 (− 4.2 to 0.2) | .259 |
Days in NICU (n = 58/56/58) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5) | .014 | 0.08 (0.03 to 0.12) | .028 | 0.2 (0.04 to 0.4) | .224 |
Days with respiratory support (n = 60/58/59) a | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.4) | .014 | 0.2 (0.06 to 0.3) | .028 | 0.4 (−0.1 to 0.8) | .259 |
IVH (n = 59/57/58) | 4.1 (−3.1 to 11.4) | .330 | 1.8 (0.03 to 3.6) | .129 | 4.8 (−1.5 to 11.1) | .266 |
Maternal glucocorticoid (n = 59/57/58) | −4.4 (−17.2 to 8.4) | .525 | −0.8 (−4.1 to 2.5) | .736 | −5.6 (− 17.0 to 5.9) | .466 |
Apgar 5 min (n = 59/57/58) | −2.3 (− 5.9 to 1.4) | .308 | −0.6 (− 1.5 to 0.4) | .425 | − 1.5 (− 4.7 to 1.8) | .467 |
Motor function | ||||||
BSID Psychomotor Developmental Index score at 1 year (n = 22/21/22) | − 0.2 (− 0.7 to 0.4) | .525 | − 0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.1) | .575 | 0.1 (− 0.5 to 0.6) | .813 |
PDMS Eye/hand coordination at 5 years (n = 23/22/23) | − 1.7 (− 3.5 to 0.2) | .184 | −0.1 (− 0.6 to 0.4) | .736 | − 1.7 (− 3.7 to 0.2) | .259 |
PDMS Balance at 5 years (n = 23/22/23) | −2.1 (− 4.4 to 0.3) | .184 | −0.2 (− 0.9 to 0.4) | .575 | −1.8 (− 4.4 to 0.8) | .305 |
PDMS Locomotion at 5 years (n = 23/22/23) | −0.7 (− 1.7 to 0.3) | .258 | 0.1 (− 0.4 to 0.1) | .473 | −0.6 (− 1.7 to 0.5) | .446 |
Movement ABC total score at 14 years (n = 41/39/40) | 1.2 (0.4 to 2.0) | .019 | 0.3 (0.05 to 0.5) | .089 | 0.8 (0.02 to 1.7) | .259 |
Cognitive function | ||||||
WPSSI at 5 years (n = 21/20/21) | −0.2 (−0.8 to 0.4) | .525 | −0.02 (− 0.2 to 0.2) | .803 | 0.1 (− 0.4 to 0.7) | .728 |
WISC at 14 years (n = 44/42/43) b | −0.2 (− 0.5 to 0.1) | .258 | −0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.2) | .212 | −0.1 (− 0.4 to 0.2) | .748 |
Term SGA | ||||||
Perinatal factors | ||||||
Gestational Age (weeks, n = 68/65/68) | −6.1 (−11.5 to −0.7) | .290 | −1.0 (−2.3 to 0.3) | .270 | −3.1 (−7.1 to 0.8) | .285 |
Birthweight (pr. 100 g, n = 68/65/68) | −1.6 (− 5.0 to 1.8) | .778 | −0.3 (− 1.1 to 0.5) | .514 | − 1.2 (− 3.7 to 1.2) | .515 |
Apgar 5 min (n = 57/55/57) | 16.7 (− 11.8 to 45.1) | .778 | − 0.8 (− 6.9 to 5.4) | .806 | 4.6 (− 16.5 to 25.8) | .734 |
Motor function | ||||||
BSID Psychomotor Developmental Index score at 1 year (n = 48/47/48) | − 0.1 (− 0.7 to 0.5) | .883 | − 0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.02) | .270 | 0.1 (− 0.4 to 0.6) | .734 |
PDMS Eye/hand coordination at 5 years (n = 56/54/56) | −0.4 (− 1.7 to 1.0) | .778 | − 0.3 (− 0.7 to − 0.01) | .215 | −1.0 (− 2.1 to 0.01) | .283 |
PDMS Balance at 5 years (n = 57/54/57) | −0.5 (− 1.9 to 0.9) | .778 | − 0.1 (− 0.5 to 0.3) | .746 | −0.6 (− 1.8 to 0.5) | .515 |
PDMS Locomotion at 5 years (n = 56/54/56) | − 0.2 (− 1.0 to 0.6) | .778 | − 0.2 (− 0.3 to 0.05) | .270 | −0.03 (− 0.7 to 0.6) | .929 |
Movement ABC total score at 14 years (n = 48/45/48) | 0.4 (−1.2 to 1.9) | .778 | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.6) | .359 | 0.5 (−0.7 to 1.8) | .559 |
Cognitive function | ||||||
WPSSI at 5 years (n = 52/50/52) | −0.4 (−1.0 to 0.2) | .778 | −0.2 (− 0.4 to − 0.1) | .010 | −0.4 (− 0.9 to 0.02) | .283 |
WISC at 14 years (n = 49/46/49) b | − 0.01 (− 0.5 to 0.5) | .956 | −0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.04) | .288 | −0.3 (− 0.7 to 0.05) | .283 |