Cultural differences in positive psychotic experiences assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-42 (CAPE-42): a comparison of student populations in the Netherlands, Nigeria and Norway

Table 6 Pairwise comparisons for frequency and associated distress of CAPE-42 strange experiences and paranoia between samples

CAPE-Pos	Netherlands (reference) vs. Nigeria			Netherlands (reference) vs. Norway			Nigeria (reference) vs. Norway
CAPE-Pos	ΔM (SE) (95% CI)^a	p ^b	Hedges’ g	ΔM (SE) (95% CI)^a	p ^b	Hedges’ g	ΔM (SE) (95% CI)^a	p ^b	Hedges’ g
Frequency
Strange experiences^c	0.593 (0.042) (0.492; 0.694)	< 0.001	1.26	0.042 (0.047) (−0.070; 0.154)	0.999	0.09	−0.551 (0.040) (−0.645; − 0.455)	< 0.001	1.23
Paranoia^c	0.351 (0.059) (0.209; 0.492)	< 0.001	0.52	0.152 (0.065) (−0.005; 0.309)	0.061	0.23	−0.198 (0.056) (− 0.333; − 0.064)	0.001	0.31
Distress^d
Strange experiences^c	0.516 (0.089) (0.304; 0.729)	< 0.001	0.75	−0.027 (0.103) (− 0.274; 0.221)	0.999	0.04	−0.543 (0.080) (− 0.736; − 0.350)	< 0.001	0.82
Paranoia^c	−0.163 (0.099) (− 0.400; 0.074)	0.295	0.21	− 0.411 (0.115) (− 0.687; − 0.135)	0.001	0.51	−0.248 (0.090) (− 0.463; − 0.033)	0.018	0.34

^aBased on estimated marginal means, and adjusted for age, gender, marital status, and educational level, ^bBonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons, ^cPartial scale, ^dOnly including distress scores when frequency of experience was rated as at least ‘sometimes’

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