Patient characteristics | MH | RE | VT | SF | PF | RP | BP | GH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schizophrenia | ||||||||
 Age | 0.35*,a | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.37*,a | 0.16 | −0.10 | 0.19 |
 Female vs male | −0.07 | − 0.11 | − 0.11 | − 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
 Malay vs Chinese | −0.26* | − 0.23* | 0.06 | − 0.18 | − 0.43*,a | − 0.07 | −0.14 | 0.01 |
 Indian vs Chinese | −0.21 | − 0.12 | 0.15 | − 0.05 | − 0.30*,a | − 0.05 | − 0.14 | − 0.02 |
 Others vs Chinese | − 0.21 | − 0.15 | 0.11 | − 0.11 | − 0.34*,a | −0.06 | − 0.05 | −0.04 |
 Buddhism vs Christianity | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.02 | − 0.01 | − 0.04 | −0.09 | − 0.01 | −0.12 |
 Islam vs Christianity | 0.21 | 0.14 | −0.13 | 0.05 | 0.32*,a | −0.07 | 0.04 | 0.11 |
 Hinduism vs Christianity | 0.03 | 0.06 | −0.24* | − 0.03 | 0.24* | 0.02 | 0.00 | −0.03 |
 Taoism vs Christianity | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.06 | −0.01 | − 0.12 | − 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.05 |
 School years | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
 Married vs single | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.10 | −0.18 | 0.20 | −0.04 | 0.02 |
 Separated vs single | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.04 | −0.25* | − 0.02 | −0.10 | 0.01 |
 Divorced vs single | −0.11 | −0.16 | − 0.06 | 0.04 | − 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
 Widowed vs single | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 No children vs with children | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.15 | −0.09 | 0.01 |
 Economic house vs private house | 0.02 | 0.24* | −0.05 | − 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.00 | −0.01 |
 Unemployed vs employed | − 0.15 | − 0.17 | − 0.04 | − 0.14 | − 0.06 | − 0.06 | − 0.10 | − 0.02 |
 High income vs low income | − 0.06 | − 0.03 | − 0.02 | − 0.04 | − 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | −0.03 |
 Without comorbid physical illness vs with comorbid physical illness | −0.08 | − 0.09 | 0.03 | − 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.13 |
 Without taking medicine vs with taking medicine | −0.08 | − 0.01 | 0.16 | − 0.18 | − 0.24* | − 0.24* | − 0.07 | − 0.08 |
 Never smoker vs ex-smoker | 0.04 | 0.11 | − 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.19 | −0.02 |
 Current smoker vs ex-smoker | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.02 |
 Duration of mental illness | −0.30*,a | −0.26* | − 0.09 | 0.01 | −0.38*,a | − 0.30*,a | 0.06 | − 0.21 |
MDD | ||||||||
 Age | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.06 | −0.03 | −0.33*,a | −0.12 | − 0.14 | 0.11 |
 Female vs male | −0.26* | −0.02 | − 0.27* | −0.08 | − 0.04 | −0.06 | − 0.01 | −0.15 |
 Malay vs Chinese | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.11 | −0.08 | 0.13 | 0.04 | −0.04 |
 Indian vs Chinese | 0.18 | 0.09 | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.09 | 0.03 | −0.07 | −0.05 |
 Others vs Chinese | −0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | −0.09 | 0.04 | 0.16 | −0.10 | 0.06 |
 Buddhism vs Christianity | 0.08 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.23*,a | 0.07 | 0.01 |
 Islam vs Christianity | 0.09 | −0.20 | 0.03 | −0.07 | 0.10 | −0.11 | 0.01 | 0.18 |
 Hinduism vs Christianity | −0.17 | 0.08 | 0.10 | −0.07 | −0.02 | − 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.12 |
 Taoism vs Christianity | −0.07 | 0.24*,a | −0.13 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.04 |
 School years | 0.21 | 0.04 | −0.04 | 0.14 | 0.02 | −0.05 | −0.07 | − 0.17 |
 Married vs single | −0.04 | − 0.14 | 0.12 | − 0.16 | −0.07 | − 0.08 | −0.05 | − 0.05 |
 Separated vs single | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
 Divorced vs single | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.07 | −0.17 | −0.08 | −0.06 | 0.03 |
 Widowed vs single | 0.04 | −0.02 | 0.08 | −0.06 | −0.07 | − 0.04 | 0.11 | − 0.08 |
 No children vs with children | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | −0.11 | −0.16 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.07 |
 Economic house vs private house | −0.09 | −0.08 | − 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.13 | −0.02 | −0.14 |
 Unemployed vs employed | 0.05 | −0.11 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.12 | −0.02 | 0.08 |
 High income vs low income | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.00 | −0.12 | 0.28* | 0.23* | 0.12 | 0.16 |
 Without comorbid physical illness vs with comorbid physical illness | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.25* | 0.01 | 0.45* | 0.34* |
 Without taking medicine vs with taking medicine | −0.05 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.27* | 0.14 | 0.19 | −0.13 | 0.06 |
 Never smoker vs ex-smoker | 0.02 | −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.10 | 0.01 | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.00 |
 Current smoker vs ex-smoker | −0.21 | −0.11 | 0.01 | −0.05 | − 0.08 | −0.03 | − 0.09 | −0.13 |
 Duration of mental illness | 0.29* | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.11 | −0.11 | −0.12 | − 0.16 | −0.01 |