Clinical effects and treatment outcomes of long-term compulsory in-patient treatment of treatment-resistant patients with severe mental illness and substance-use disorder

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study groups of dual-diagnosis patients admitted to Sustainable Residence

Characteristic	Total (N = 165)	Group A^a (N = 70)	Group B^a (N = 69)	Group C^a (N = 26)	Χ²/F	p	Group Differences^b
Gender (% male)	84,2	78.6	87.0	92.3	3.04	.23
Age (mean in years, sd)	39.2 (8.2)	40.4 (8.6)	40.0 (7.8)	33.8 (5.7)	7.29	<.01	C < A; C < B
Education^d (%)
low	50.9	54.3	50.7	42.3	1.69	0.82
intermediate	23,0	21.4	27.5	15.4
high	7.9	5.7	10.1	7.7
missing	18.2	18.6	11.6	34.6
Country of birth (%)
Netherlands	44.2	42.9	44.9	46.2	3.03	0.22
other^c	49.1	52.9	55.1	23.1
missing	6.7	4.3	0.0	30.8
Lived with a partner (%)
yes	30.9	40.0	26.1	19.2	7,77	0.02	A > B
missing	31.5	34.3	24.6	42.3
Diagnosis on Axis I (%)
psychotic disorder	90.9	87.1	95.7	88.0	3,57	0.20
substance abuse	93.9	92.9	95.7	92.0	3.35	0.19
Diagnosis on Axis II (%)
personality disorder	36.4	31.4	39.1	42.3	1.93	0.38
borderline intellectual functioning	15.8	15.7	14.5	19.2	1.13	0.55
missing	12.7	15.7	5.8	23.1

^a Group A: Discharged group; Group B: Continued Care group; Group C: Referred group
^b Differences between groups significant at .05 level
^c Countries on the following continents: South America (22.4%), Africa (12.1%), North America (8.5%), Asia (3.6%),
Europe (1.8%), Oceania (0.6%)
^d Low: elementary school or less; intermediate: low-level/intermediate level secondary school; high: high level secondary
school, intermediate vocational or higher education

ISSN: 1471-244X