From: Acoustic differences between healthy and depressed people: a cross-situation study
 | Video Watching | Question Answering | Text Reading | Picture Describing | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
healthy | depressed | F | ηp2 | healthy | depressed | F | ηp2 | healthy | depressed | F | ηp2 | healthy | depressed | F | ηp2 | |
loudness | 0.38 ± 0.17 | 0.16 ± 0.16 | 34.07*** | .26 | 0.38 ± 0.16 | 0.17 ± 0.17 | 30.92*** | .24 | 0.48 ± 0.2 | 0.23 ± 0.23 | 24.49*** | .20 | 0.35 ± 0.16 | 0.16 ± 0.16 | 24.61*** | .20 |
mfcc1 | −0.32 ± 4.18 | 0.58 ± 3.81 | 2.92 | .03 | 0.08 ± 3.34 | 0.79 ± 3.32 | 1.30 | .01 | 2.67 ± 3.26 | 2.69 ± 3.1 | 0.00 | .00 | − 0.83 ± 3.76 | 0.59 ± 3.19 | 5.44* | .05 |
mfcc2 | 7.81 ± 3.66 | 8.63 ± 2.70 | 1.93 | .02 | 8.07 ± 2.93 | 8.68 ± 2.71 | 2.07 | .02 | 5.39 ± 4.13 | 8.35 ± 4.57 | 13.87*** | .12 | 8.29 ± 2.81 | 9.36 ± 3.01 | 3.06 | .03 |
mfcc3 | 6.19 ± 4.83 | 3.28 ± 3.40 | 9.31** | .09 | 6.98 ± 4.46 | 3.17 ± 3.35 | 18.87*** | .16 | 4.82 ± 5.53 | 0.34 ± 4.6 | 14.17*** | .13 | 7.27 ± 4.69 | 3.89 ± 3.73 | 12.77** | .11 |
mfcc4 | 5.90 ± 4.23 | 3.94 ± 4.22 | 6.57* | .06 | 5.04 ± 4.41 | 3.13 ± 4.25 | 3.23 | .03 | 0.91 ± 6.13 | −0.61 ± 6.71 | 0.24 | .00 | 6.2 ± 3.95 | 3.78 ± 4.59 | 7.56** | .07 |
mfcc5 | 3.23 ± 6.12 | −3.88 ± 6.79 | 27.60*** | .22 | 1.67 ± 5.25 | −4.93 ± 6.3 | 26.56*** | .21 | − 1.98 ± 6.35 | − 10.39 ± 8.97 | 20.80*** | .17 | 2.75 ± 5.61 | −3.52 ± 5.12 | 27.07*** | .21 |
mfcc6 | 3.83 ± 6.88 | 5.78 ± 6.49 | 1.10 | .01 | 3.17 ± 5.41 | 5.95 ± 6.56 | 3.07 | .03 | 0.34 ± 6.63 | 5.04 ± 8.16 | 8.20** | .08 | 3.67 ± 5.34 | 5.42 ± 6.68 | 0.68 | .01 |
mfcc7 | −0.21 ± 5.32 | − 7.25 ± 4.69 | 47.63*** | .33 | − 0.27 ± 5.06 | − 7.6 ± 74.11 | 57.35*** | .37 | − 2.12 ± 5.86 | − 10.77 ± 4.51 | 55.24*** | .36 | 0.19 ± 4.96 | − 7.33 ± 3.72 | 64.00*** | .39 |
mfcc8 | 2.17 ± 5.51 | 1.90 ± 4.47 | 0.18 | .00 | 0.76 ± 5.43 | 1.87 ± 4.59 | 1.18 | .01 | 0.44 ± 7.11 | 1.53 ± 5.63 | 1.36 | .01 | 1.85 ± 4.92 | 1.42 ± 4.09 | 0.43 | .00 |
mfcc9 | 0.33 ± 4.37 | 2.37 ± 4.15 | 4.51* | .04 | − 0.36 ± 5.41 | 1.67 ± 3.93 | 3.86 | .04 | −1.59 ± 6.55 | 1.01 ± 5.46 | 6.99** | .07 | 0.39 ± 4.79 | 2.23 ± 3.57 | 2.83 | .03 |
mfcc10 | 1.58 ± 5.48 | 1.29 ± 5.16 | 0.09 | .00 | 0.83 ± 6.04 | 0.34 ± 4.99 | 0.23 | .00 | −1.42 ± 7.99 | − 4.13 ± 7.04 | 2.21 | .02 | 1.3 ± 5.85 | 1.01 ± 4.9 | 0.09 | .00 |
mfcc11 | − 0.75 ± 5.08 | − 0.56 ± 4.20 | 0.07 | .00 | − 0.73 ± 4.51 | − 0.84 ± 4.14 | 0.17 | .00 | − 2.87 ± 5.23 | − 3.13 ± 4.71 | 0.00 | .00 | −0.64 ± 4.03 | −0.01 ± 3.85 | 0.16 | .00 |
mfcc12 | −2.17 ± 3.67 | − 1.05 ± 2.84 | 1.10 | .01 | −1.61 ± 3.56 | −1.54 ± 3.05 | 0.02 | .00 | −3.02 ± 3.98 | −3.18 ± 3.25 | 0.52 | .01 | −2.21 ± 3.65 | −1.22 ± 2.46 | 0.58 | .01 |
lsp0 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 0.08 | .00 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.54 | .01 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 0.46 | .00 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.02 | .00 |
lsp1 | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 0.62 ± 0.07 | 0.36 | .00 | 0.61 ± 0.05 | 0.61 ± 0.06 | 0.02 | .00 | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 0.56 ± 0.05 | 4.42* | .04 | 0.63 ± 0.06 | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 1.14 | .01 |
lsp2 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 0.38 | .00 | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 1.68 | .02 | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 0.95 ± 0.06 | 5.72* | .05 | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.05 | 0.00 | .00 |
lsp3 | 1.33 ± 0.07 | 1.3 ± 0.09 | 4.70* | .05 | 1.33 ± 0.07 | 1.29 ± 0.09 | 3.42 | .03 | 1.28 ± 0.07 | 1.24 ± 0.08 | 3.53 | .03 | 1.34 ± 0.07 | 1.3 ± 0.08 | 7.39** | .07 |
lsp4 | 1.66 ± 0.08 | 1.61 ± 0.1 | 8.55** | .08 | 1.66 ± 0.07 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 10.60** | .10 | 1.62 ± 0.07 | 1.54 ± 0.1 | 16.49*** | .14 | 1.67 ± 0.07 | 1.61 ± 0.09 | 13.44*** | .12 |
lsp5 | 1.99 ± 0.07 | 1.96 ± 0.11 | 3.24 | .03 | 1.99 ± 0.06 | 1.94 ± 0.11 | 4.38* | .04 | 1.95 ± 0.07 | 1.89 ± 0.11 | 7.36** | .07 | 2.0 ± 0.06 | 1.95 ± 0.1 | 5.50* | .05 |
lsp6 | 2.36 ± 0.07 | 2.31 ± 0.11 | 5.18* | .05 | 2.36 ± 0.06 | 2.3 ± 0.11 | 9.27** | .09 | 2.33 ± 0.08 | 2.23 ± 0.13 | 15.00*** | .13 | 2.37 ± 0.06 | 2.31 ± 0.1 | 11.37** | .10 |
lsp7 | 2.72 ± 0.04 | 2.7 ± 0.05 | 3.13 | .03 | 2.72 ± 0.04 | 2.69 ± 0.05 | 6.98* | .07 | 2.7 ± 0.05 | 2.65 ± 0.07 | 16.99*** | .15 | 2.72 ± 0.04 | 2.7 ± 0.05 | 7.71** | .07 |
zcr | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 1.77 | .02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 7.95** | .07 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 13.76*** | .12 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 3.53 | .03 |
vp | 0.55 ± 0.08 | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 8.43** | .08 | 0.56 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 17.95*** | .15 | 0.59 ± 0.07 | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 7.63** | .07 | 0.55 ± 0.07 | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 7.66** | .07 |
F0 | 126.5 ± 54.73 | 89.62 ± 41.16 | 10.48** | .10 | 128.32 ± 41.95 | 90.72 ± 36.79 | 20.13*** | .17 | 140.33 ± 39.77 | 109.61 ± 37.3 | 18.58*** | .16 | 124.69 ± 48.05 | 89.01 ± 37.79 | 11.59** | .10 |
F0env | 299.33 ± 38.45 | 279.74 ± 48.49 | 4.74* | .05 | 296.98 ± 36.47 | 274.64 ± 9.57 | 5.57* | .05 | 266.53 ± 42.48 | 230.66 ± 43.66 | 12.78*** | .11 | 298.89 ± 37.26 | 271.72 ± 45.88 | 9.99** | .09 |