Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Author | Country | Study design | Sample size | Diagnoses | Diagnostic criteria | Age (years) | Sleep disturbance | Sleep measure | Suicide outcome | Adjustments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agargun et al. 1997 [28] | Turkey | Retrospective | 113 | Major depression | DSM-III-R | 18~70 Mean: 32.6 | Hypersomnia, insomnia | SADS | Suicidal ideation | NA |
Agargun et al. 1997 [29] | Turkey | Prospective | 41 | Major depression | DSM-III-R | 34.6 ± 10.8 | Sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency | PSQI | SADS suicidality score | NA |
Li et al. 2012 [22] | Hong Kong | Prospective | 419 | Major depression | ICD-10 | 44.6 ± 10.4 | Nightmares, insomnia | Sleep questionnaire, NDQ | Suicidal ideation | Yes |
Lopes et al. 2016 [30] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 214 | Major depression | DSM-IV | 12.5 ± 3.1 | Early awakening, night awakening, initial insomnia, daytime sleepiness | DICA-IV | Suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide behavior, suicidal plan | Yes |
Yoshimasu et al. 2006 [31] | Japan | Cross-sectional | 231 | Major depression | DSM-IV | 36.3 ± 14.8 | Insomnia, overall sleep disorders | Patients’ three most painful complaints, SDS, KMI | Suicidal ideation | Yes |
Agargun et al. 1998 [32] | Turkey | Prospective | 63 | Major depression | DSM-III-R | 34.1 ± 10.9 | Nightmares | PSQI | Suicidal ideation | NA |
Sit et al. 2015 [33] | United States | Retrospective | 628 | Depression | DSM-IV | 28.7 ± 6.00 | Sleep disturbance | SIGH-ADS | Suicidal ideation | Yes |
Yoshimasu et al. 2006 [34] | Japan | Cross-sectional | 199 | Major depression | DSM-IV | 38.4 ± 16.5 | Sleep disorders | Patients’ chief complaints, KMI, SDS | Suicidal ideation | Yes |
Agargun et al. 2007 [35] | Turkey | Retrospective | 100 | Major depression | DSM-IV | 32.1 ± 10.7 | Nightmares, insomnia | ICSD-R, HDRS | Suicide attempts | Yes |
Stubbs et al. 2016 [36] | United Kingdom | Retrospective | 5701 | Depression | DSM-IV | 43.4 ± 16.6 | Sleep disturbance | Self-reported information | Suicidal ideation, suicide attempts | Yes |
Gallagher et al. 2009 [23] | United Kingdom | Retrospective | 163,512 | Depression | DSM-IV | 39.2 ± 18.0 (Female) | Insomnia | NA | Suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, completed suicide | Yes |
Chellappa et al. 2007 [18] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 70 | Major depression | DSM-IV | 40.5 ± 12.5 | Insomnia | SHQ, ICSD | Suicidal ideation | Yes |
Park et al. 2016 [37] | Ten Asian countries/area | Retrospective | 1122 | Depression | ICD-10 | 48.1 ± 15.6 | Insomnia | NIHCEG | Suicidal ideation | Yes |
Guo et al. 2017 [38] | China | Cross-sectional | 20,130 | Depression | CES-D | 16.3 ± 2.1 | Sleep duration | Self-reported information | Suicide attempts, suicidal ideation | Yes |
Nrugham et al. 2008 [39] | Norway | Prospective | 2464 | Depression | DSM-III-R | 13.7 ± 0.5 | Insomnia | KSADS-PL | Suicide attempts | Yes |
McGirr et al. 2007 [40] | Canada | Prospective | 156 | Major depression | DSM-IV | 42.4 ± 13.2 | Insomnia, hypersomnia | Psychological autopsy method | Completed suicide | Yes |
Eikelenboom et al. 2018 [10] | Netherlands | Prospective | 1713 | Major depression | DSM-IV | 42.1 ± 12.3 | Insomnia | IRS | Suicide attempts | Yes |
Fang et al. 2019 [21] | China | Cross-sectional | 2017 | Major depression | DSM-IV | 39.4 ± 12.5 | Late insomnia, hypersomnia | A doctor-rating assessment questionnaire | Suicidal ideation | Yes |