Table 2 A univariate analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics of women who did and did not have perinatal depression according to the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale

  Mean ± SD

33.2 (±5.6)

33.5 (±5.8)

1.01 (1.001–1.02)

0.026

  < 25

84

6.3

1675

6.4

1.02 (0.81–1.29)

0.834

 25–40

1082

80.4

21,672

82.8

Reference

  > 40

180

13.3

2827

10.8

1.27 (1.07–1.50)

0.005

Periphery

79

6.1

2041

8.0

0.74 (0.59–0.93)

0.011

 Arabs

108

8.1

994

3.8

2.1 (1.70–2.58)

< 0.001

 Orthodox Jews

61

4.5

2587

9.9

0.45 (0.35–0.59)

< 0.001

 Others

1177

87.4

22,593

86.3

Reference

Socioeconomic status (median, range)

6.0 (0–10)

6.0 (0–10)

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.760

 Cardiovascular disease

25

1.9

364

1.4

1.35 (0.89–2.03)

0.151

 Chronic Diabetes Mellitus

18

1.4

149

0.6

2.38 (1.45–3.89)

0.001

 Hypertension

27

2.1

401

1.6

1.32 (0.89–1.96)

0.163

 Antidepressant use

  None

868

64.5

22,167

84.7

Reference

   ≤ 3 months

153

11.4

1639

6.3

2.38 (1.99–2.85)

< 0.001

   > 3 months

325

24.1

2368

9.0

3.50 (3.06–4.01)

< 0.001

 Haemoglobin – N

1296

96.3

25,394

97.0

0.124

  Mean ± SD (g/dl)

10.91 (±0.94)

10.96 (±0.89)

0.94 (0.88–0.99)

0.047

  ≤ 10.5 (Anaemia)

427

32.9

7570

29.8

1.16 (1.03–1.30)

0.016

   > 10.5

869

67.1

17,824

70.2

 Ferritin – N

859

63.8

15,601

59.6

0.002

  Mean ± SD (ng/ml)

33.84 (±31.77)

37.69 (±44.77)

0.997 (0.995-0.999)

.001

 Iron – N

676

50.2

11,397

43.5

< 0.001

  Mean ± SD (mcg/dl)

67.88 (±35.53)

71.87 (±37.02)

0.998 (0.996–1)

0.041

 B12 - N

561

41.7

9378

35.8

< 0.001

  Mean ± SD (pg/ml)

361.18 (±157.53)

361.16 (±148.69)

1 (0.99–1.0)

0.997

 Folic acid – N

627

46.6

10,294

39.3

< 0.001

  Mean ± SD (ng/ml)

2.30 (±3.29)

2.35 (±3.33)

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.700

 Vitamin D (min) – N

755

56.1

13,853

52.9

0.023

  Mean ± SD (ng/ml)

20.40 (±9.09)

20.44 (±9.15)

1 (0.99–1.01)

0.915

 TSH (min) - N

1260

93.6

23,915

91.4

0.004

  Mean ± SD (mlU/l)

1.33 (±0.87)

1.35 (±0.83)

0.97 (0.91–1.04)

0.427

 TSH (max) - N

1260

93.6

23,915

91.4

0.004

  Mean ± SD (mlU/l)

3.12 (±8.18)

2.82 (±5.82)

1.007 (0.99–1.01)

0.198

 C-reactive protein - N

332

24.7

5361

20.5

< 0.001

  Mean ± SD (mg/dl)

0.99 (±2.35)

1.00 (±2.41)

0.997 (0.95–1.04)

0.909

  Never

1111

82.5

23,301

89.0

Reference

  Current

163

12.1

1843

7.0

1.85 (1.56–2.20)

< 0.001

  Past

72

5.3

1030

3.9

1.47 (1.15–1.88)

0.002