Fig. 1

Spontaneous definitions of TRS: criteria stated by ≥ 5% of surveyed psychiatrists (n = 204). American Psychiatric Association definition of TRS: “Treatment resistance is defined as little or no symptomatic response to multiple (at least two) antipsychotic trials of an adequate duration (at least 6 weeks) and dose (therapeutic range)” [2]. aIncluding at least two classes of treatment. AP = antipsychotic; TRS = treatment-resistant schizophrenia