Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies for meta-analysis
Author, year(region) | Design | N. of Subjects | Follow-up period | Schizophrenia assessment | Assessent of cancer death | Risk estimate (95%CI) | Adjusted covariates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer | Colon cancer | Lung cancer | Prostate cancer | |||||||
Saku et al.,1995, Japan [7] | Prospective cohort study | 4980 | 1948–1985 | Hospital records; DSM-IIIR-1987 | Japanese family registration system and death certificate | SMR:2.27 (0.27–8.18) in Fp | SMR:3.58 (0.43–12.9) in Fp SMR:0.95 (0.02–5.29) in Mp | SMR:1.68 (0.62–3.66) in Mp | SMR:3.99 (0.1–122.2) in Mp; | Age relative to the general population |
Perini et al.,2014, Italy [8] | Retrospective cohort study | 695 | 1982–2006 | South Verona Psychiatric Case Register; ICD-10 | Mortality Registry of the Local Health District of Verona | SMR: 0.31 (0.03–1.47) in Fp | NR | SMR: 0.24 (0.02–1.14) in Ap | SMR:3.23 (0.64–10.34) in Mp | Age and gender relative to the general population |
Tran et al.,2009, France [9] | Prospective cohort study | 3470 | 1993–2003 | Questionnaire and hospital records; ICD-10 | National death certificate; ICD-9 | SMR: 2.8 (1.6–4.9) in Fp | SMR: 5.0 (2.1–12.0) in Fp SMR: 0.7(NS) in Mp SMR: 2.2(NS) in Ap | SMR: 1.5(NS) in Fp SMR: 2.2 (1.6–3.3) in Mp SMR: 2.1 (1.5–3.0) in Ap | SMR: 1.4(NS) in Mp | Age and sex relative to the general population |
Olfson et al.,2015,USA [10] | Retrospective cohort study | 1,138,853 | 2001–2007 | National Medicaid Analytice Xtract; ICD-10 | National Death Index | SMR: 1.60 (1.50–1.70) in Fp | SMR: 1.6 (1.4–1.8) in Fp SMR: 1.9 (1.7–2.1) in Mp SMR: 1.7 (1.6–1.8) in Ap | SMR: 2.5 (2.4–2.6) in Fp SMR: 2.4 (2.3–2.5) in Mp SMR: 2.4 (2.4–2.5) in Ap | NR | Age, race/ethnicity, and geographic region relative to the general population |
Brown et al.,2010, UK [22] | Prospective cohort study | 370 | 1981–2006 | Hospital records; ICD-9; ICD-10 | Death certificate or other official document | SMR: 1.96 (0.54–5.03) in Fp | NR | SMR: 2.65 (1.41–4.53) in Ap | NR | Age relative to the general population |
Kredentser et al.,2014,Canada [23] | Retrospective cohort study | 9038 | 1998–2008 | Population Health Research Data; ICD-9-CM; ICD-10-CA | ICD-9;ICD-10 | NR | NR | RR: 1.45 (1.19–1.76) in Aa | NR | Age and sex |
Crump et al.,2013, Sweden [24] | Retrospective cohort study | 8277 | 2001–2009 | Swedish Outpatient Registry and the Swedish Hospital Registry; ICD-10 | Swedish Death Registry | HR: 2.58 (1.64–4.05) in Fp | HR: 2.35 (1.22–4.52) in Fp HR: 1.87 (0.89–3.95) in Mp RR: 1.35 (0.83–2.2) in Apb | HR: 2.05 (1.29–3.27) in Fp HR: 1.96 (1.29–2.95) in Mp RR: 1.84 (1.36–2.5) in Apb | HR:1.16 (0.58–2.32) in Mp | Age,marital status, education, employment status, and income,substance use disorder |