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Table 3 Factors associated with discrimination in persons with SMI

From: Rural vs urban residence and experience of discrimination among people with severe mental illnesses in Ethiopia

Characteristics

Crude Discrimination Multiplier (95% CI)

Adjusted Discrimination Multipliera (95% CI)

Residence (N = 299)

 Urban

1.51 (1.06, 2.16)

1.66 (1.18, 2.33)

Sex

 Female

0.94 (0.69, 1.27)

1.42 (1.01, 2.00)

Education level (N = 299)

 Formal education

0.85 (0.62, 1.16)

1.03 (0.75, 1.41)

Socioeconomic status (N = 297)

 Higher poverty

1.09 (0.80, 1.49)

1.15 (0.85, 1.54)

Marital status

 Single, divorced, or widowed

0.80 (0.58, 1.09)

0.76 (0.54, 1.07)

Diagnosis

 Primary psychotic disorder

1.00 (0.65, 1.55)

0.85 (0.56, 1.30)

AUDIT

 Hazardous use (≥8)

1.83 (1.35, 2.48)

2.16 (1.51, 3.08)

Oslo Social Support (N = 298)

 Intermediate [9,10,11]

0.74 (0.53, 1.03)

0.92 (0.67, 1.25)

 Strong [12,13,14]

0.78 (0.48, 1.27)

0.86 (0.55, 1.35)

Age

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

WHODAS 2.0 complex score

1.02 (1.01, 1.03)

1.02 (1.01, 1.03)

BPRS-E total score (N = 294)

1.01 (1.00, 1.02)

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

BPRS-E hostility (N = 294)

0.87 (0.63, 1.19)

0.92 (0.70, 1.21)

BPRS-E bizarre behavior (N = 294)

1.19 (0.86, 1.66)

1.09 (0.79, 1.50)

BPRS-E self-care (N = 294)

1.00 (0.72, 1.38)

0.83 (0.61, 1.13)

  1. aAdjusted for all factors listed in the table; values in bold are statistically significant
  2. AUDIT Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, WHODAS World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, BPRS-E Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded Version