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Table 2 Associations between anxiety category at baseline and psychiatric outcome in self-report and parental report. Figures are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals)

From: Anxiety at age 15 predicts psychiatric diagnoses and suicidal ideation in late adolescence and young adulthood: results from two longitudinal studies

 

Anxiety category

Unadjusted

Adjusteda

Psychiatric outcome

Normalb

Borderline

Abnormal

Normalb

Borderline

Abnormal

Self-report

 Any psychiatric outcome

1

1.90 (1.36–2.65)

3.72 (2.93–4.72)

1

1.73 (1.20–2.49)

3.40 (2.58–4.48)

 Alcohol and drug misuse disorders

1

1.44 (0.82–2.54)

1.42 (0.87–2.32)

1

1.22 (0.62–2.38)

1.25 (0.69–2.25)

 Anxiety disorders

1

3.35 (2.18–5.16)

5.74 (4.15–7.96)

1

2.67 (1.65–4.34)

4.92 (3.33–7.28)

 Bipolar/psychotic disorders

1

1.61 (0.38–7.26)

1.18 (0.26–5.30)

1

1.90 (0.46–7.87)

1.54 (0.39–6.04)

 Depressive disorders

1

2.03 (1.18–3.50)

6.14 (4.39–8.58)

1

1.58 (0.87–2.88)

4.79 (3.23–7.08)

 Suicidal ideation

1

1.68 (0.58–4.85)

3.93 (2.05–7.55)

1

1.16 (0.35–3.84)

2.33 (1.04–5.22)

Parental report

 Any psychiatric outcome

1

2.60 (1.88–3.59)

4.88 (3.78–6.29)

1

2.32 (1.64–3.29)

3.88 (2.86–5.25)

 Alcohol and drug misuse disorders

1

1.55 (0.82–2.91)

2.85 (1.80–4.49)

1

1.54 (0.79–3.02)

2.15 (1.21–3.83)

 Anxiety disorders

1

3.60 (2.30–5.64)

7.52 (5.36–10.56)

1

3.11 (1.92–5.04)

6.01 (4.05–8.93)

 Bipolar/psychotic disorders

1

1.95 (0.43–8.71)

1.59 (0.35–7.17)

1

1.72 (0.38–7.75)

1.08 (0.30–3.87)

 Depressive disorders

1

4.02 (2.57–6.29)

6.52 (4.43–9.61)

1

3.32 (2.05–5.37)

5.07 (3.20–8.03)

 Suicidal ideation

1

1.57 (0.47–5.26)

4.88 (2.37–10.07)

1

1.61 (0.46–5.63)

3.76 (1.62–8.72)

  1. a Adjusted for sex, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and developmental coordination disorder at age 9/12. Bold estimates indicate significance at the 0.005 level, except for ‘any psychiatric outcome’, where alpha was set to 0.05.
  2. b Reference category