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Table 1 Distribution of studies on psychosis in people living with homeless included in qualitative and quantitative analysis based on year, study design, sample size, instrument, country, response rate, study population and prevalence

From: The prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders among homeless people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author (year) (reference number)

Sample size

Tool

Country

Outcome (magnitude of psychosis)

(Susser et al., 1989) [37]

223

DSM

USA

8%(n = 18) schizophrenia

(Munoz et al., 1998) [38]

Madrid = 262

1563 = USA

CIDI

Spain & USA

Madrid; 2.4%(n = 6)

Los Angeles

5.5%(n = 86) Schizophrenia

(Bassuk et al., 1986) [39]

80

DSM

USA

3%(n = 2) Schizophrenia

(Koegel et al., 1988) [40]

328

DSM

USA

13.7%(n = 45) Schizophrenia / schizophreniform

13.1%(n = 44) schizophrenia

0.6%(n = 2) schizophreniform

(Fichter and Quadflieg, 2001) [20]

265

DSMIII

Germany

9.8%(n = 26) psychosis

4.4%(n = 12) schizophrenia

(Längle et al., 2005) [41]

99

ICD and DSM

Germany

11%(n = 7) Psychosis disorders

(Connolly et al., 2008) [42]

60

DSM-IV

USA

20%(n = 12) psychosis

10%(n = 6) schizophrenia

5%(n = 3) schizoaffective

5%(n = 3) psychosis NOS

(Ghose et al., 2013) [43]

2898

ICD

USA

3.5%(n = 98) Schizophrenia

(Tsai et al., 2014) [44]

29,143

DSM

USA

9.3%(n = 2707) Psychosis

(Noe et al., 2016) [45]

497

DSM

Canada

N = 263 (53%) Psychosis

(Sarajlija et al., 2014) [46]

104

ICD

Serbia

35.6% psychosis (n = 37)

N = 11 (10.6%) Schizophrenia

(Ayano et al., 2017) [7]

456

SCID)

Ethiopia

Schizophrenia

N = 274 (60.09%)

Psychotic disorders NOS

N = 45 (9.87%)

(Schinka et al., 2012) [47]

10,111

DSM

USA

Schizophrenia = 432 (4.27%)

Other psychosis = 420 (4.15%)

(Topolovec-Vranic et al., 2017) [48]

2088

MINI

Canada

35%(N = 731) Psychosis

(Fletcher and Reback, 2017) [49]

131

SCID

USA

22%%(n = 29) Psychosis

(Cuvee.Adams et al., 1996) [50]

64

DSM

UK

42%(n = 27) Schizophrenia

(Fekadu1 et al., 2014) [51]

217

CANSAS

Ethiopia

41%(n = 89) Psychosis

Schizophrenia (n = 79)

(Okamura et al., 2014) [52]

346

WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5-J)

Japan

8.1%(n = 28) Schizophrenia

(Prinsloo et al., 2012) [53]

38

DSM

Ireland

5.3%(n = 2) Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

(Kovess and Lazarus, 1999) [22]

715

CIDI

France

5.8%(n = 42) schizophrenic/delusional disorders (certain)

(Larney et al., 2009) [54]

105

Lifetime (report)

Australia

37.1%(n = 39) schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder.

(Fischer et al., 1986) [55]

51

DSM-III

USA

2%(n = 1) schizophrenia

(Greifenhagen et.al. 1997) [21]

32

DSM-III

Germen

Schizophrenic disorders n = 11 (34%)

Schizophrenia n = 8 (25%)

Schizophreniform disorder n = 3((%)

(Newton et al., 9194) [56]

65

DSM

Scotland

3%(n = 2) schizophrenia

(Bacciardi et al., 2017) [57]

416

MINI

Canada

26%(n = 94) Schizophrenia

(Goldstein et al., 2012) [58]

3595

DSM $ ICD

USA

17.6%(n = 631) schizophrenia

(Freeman et al., 1979) [59]

250

Present State Examination (PSE)

Canada

4.4%(n = 11) schizophrenia

(Bassuk et al., 1984) [60]

78

DSM

USA

29.5%(n = 23) Schizophrenia

(Geddes et al., 1994) [61]

79 in 1966

136 in 1992

DSM

Scotland

25%(n = 20) in 1966

9%(n = 12) in 1992 Schizophrenia

Cougnard et.al. 2006 [62]

104

ICD

France

32.7% (n = 34) psychosis

Yim et.al 2015 [63]

79

SCID

China

Psychotic disorder 10.1% (n = 8)

Schizophrenia (n = 3)

Schizoaffective (n = 1)

Psychotic NOS (n = 4)