|  |  |  |  | Mean ± SD |  |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | Depression | Anxiety | Social Support | Hope | Resilience | Self- efficacy | |
Age (years) | |||||||
 = < 40 | 38 (5.4) | 22.47 ± 9.47 | 53.03 ± 11.55 | 65.66 ± 15.15 | 24.13 ± 4.55 | 64.97 ± 18.20 | 28.61 ± 7.55 |
 41–65 | 381 (53.7) | 23.72 ± 9.36 | 55.59 ± 10.71 | 59.82 ± 13.71 | 21.90 ± 3.76 | 64.71 ± 16.42 | 25.59 ± 5.61 |
 > = 66 | 291 (41.0) | 25.30 ± 8.92 | 57.05 ± 11.42 | 59.62 ± 13.06 | 21.58 ± 3.51 | 63.63 ± 14.65 | 24.50 ± 4.69 |
 F | 3.225* | 2.958 | 3.465* | 7.926** | 0.423 | 10.945** | |
Gender | |||||||
 Male | 413 (58.2) | 24.77 ± 9.41 | 56.37 ± 10.91 | 59.11 ± 14.56 | 21.90 ± 3.84 | 62.86 ± 15.86 | 25.59 ± 5.46 |
 Female | 297 (41.8) | 23.66 ± 8.92 | 55.61 ± 11.32 | 61.35 ± 11.98 | 21.87 ± 3.61 | 66.25 ± 15.54 | 24.92 ± 5.42 |
 T | 1.571 | 0.901 | 2.243* | 0.105 | 2.828** | 1.623 | |
Marital status | |||||||
 Married | 533 (75.1) | 24.05 ± 9.51 | 56.02 ± 11.17 | 60.90 ± 12.91 | 22.01 ± 3.77 | 64.78 ± 15.80 | 25.32 ± 5.48 |
 Single/Divorced/Widow | 177 (24.9) | 25.08 ± 8.26 | 56.13 ± 10.85 | 57.50 ± 15.17 | 21.51 ± 3.66 | 62.76 ± 15.78 | 25.25 ± 5.36 |
 T | 1.300 | 0.108 | 2.671** | 1.547 | 1.475 | 0.149 | |
Education level | |||||||
 Primary school | 172 (24.2) | 24.91 ± 10.02 | 56.70 ± 11.92 | 59.20 ± 12.13 | 20.82 ± 3.67 | 62.15 ± 14.13 | 24.09 ± 5.33 |
 Middle school | 425 (59.9) | 24.71 ± 8.75 | 56.83 ± 10.50 | 59.64 ± 13.62 | 21.81 ± 3.43 | 64.42 ± 15.79 | 25.05 ± 4.74 |
 College | 113 (15.9) | 21.84 ± 9.36 | 52.13 ± 11.15 | 62.88 ± 15.17 | 23.78 ± 4.27 | 67.01 ± 17.86 | 28.12 ± 7.02 |
 F | 4.877** | 8.579** | 3.003 | 22.725** | 3.288* | 20.958** | |
Residence types | |||||||
 Urban | 429 (60.4) | 23.82 ± 9.16 | 54.99 ± 10.99 | 60.79 ± 14.14 | 22.41 ± 3.90 | 64.90 ± 16.01 | 26.27 ± 5.58 |
 Rural | 281 (39.6) | 25.04 ± 9.28 | 57.67 ± 11.04 | 58.92 ± 12.61 | 21.09 ± 3.35 | 63.34 ± 15.48 | 23.84 ± 4.89 |
 T |  | 1.720 | 3.177** | 1.794 | 4.648** | 1.281 | 5.940** |
Chronic disease | |||||||
 No | 77 (10.8) | 21.00 ± 10.31 | 51.85 ± 12.57 | 63.93 ± 16.02 | 24.27 ± 4.50 | 66.03 ± 17.59 | 29.53 ± 6.22 |
 Yes | 633 (89.2) | 24.71 ± 9.00 | 56.56 ± 10.79 | 59.58 ± 13.19 | 21.60 ± 3.54 | 64.07 ± 15.58 | 24.79 ± 5.12 |
 T | 3.354** | 3.550** | 2.667* | 6.061** | 0.933 | 7.474** | |
Monthly income (US dollars) | |||||||
 <=381.8 | 169 (23.8) | 22.32 ± 10.31 | 54.53 ± 11.10 | 60.94 ± 11.65 | 20.33 ± 3.61 | 63.61 ± 13.68 | 23.73 ± 5.43 |
 318.9–797.0 | 483 (68.0) | 24.73 ± 8.52 | 56.45 ± 10.70 | 59.15 ± 14.26 | 22.46 ± 3.66 | 64.18 ± 16.57 | 25.93 ± 5.37 |
 > = 797.1 | 58 (8.2) | 26.52 ± 10.54 | 57.11 ± 13.64 | 64.98 ± 11.76 | 21.69 ± 3.60 | 67.07 ± 15.00 | 24.74 ± 5.27 |
 F | 6.195** | 2.174 | 5.325** | 21.441** | 1.064 | 10.815** | |
Medical payments types | |||||||
 Insurance | 586 (82.5) | 24.04 ± 9.25 | 55.84 ± 11.12 | 61.54 ± 13.73 | 22.06 ± 3.83 | 65.35 ± 16.32 | 25.70 ± 5.59 |
 Self-Pay | 124 (17.5) | 25.56 ± 8.99 | 57.07 ± 10.87 | 53.02 ± 10.27 | 21.06 ± 3.22 | 59.24 ± 11.93 | 23.44 ± 4.27 |
 T | 1.677 | 1.126 | 7.861** | 2.723** | 4.822** | 5.043** |