Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to education level
Highest education level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥16 years | >12–<16 years | ≤12 years | |||||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||||
Subtotal | 19,538 | (21.8) | 37,832 | (42.2) | 32,307 | (36.0) | |
Mothers | |||||||
Age, years | n | 19,470 | 37,696 | 32,110 | |||
Mean | 32.5 | 31.9 | 29.9 | ||||
± SD | ± 4.1 | ± 4.6 | ± 5.6 | ||||
BMI, kg/m2 | <18.5 | 3340 | (17.1) | 5890 | (15.6) | 5278 | (16.4) |
18.5–<25 | 14,952 | (76.6) | 28,132 | (74.4) | 22,640 | (70.1) | |
≥25 | 1236 | (6.3) | 3793 | (10.0) | 4362 | (13.5) | |
Parity | Primipara | 9694 | (49.6) | 16,502 | (43.6) | 12,958 | (40.1) |
Multipara | 9839 | (50.4) | 21,314 | (56.4) | 19,333 | (59.9) | |
Smoking status | Never | 15,253 | (78.6) | 23,354 | (62.1) | 13,432 | (42.0) |
Former | 4062 | (20.9) | 13,380 | (35.6) | 15,735 | (49.3) | |
Current | 104 | (0.5) | 851 | (2.3) | 2784 | (8.7) | |
Alcohol intake | Never | 18,145 | (93.4) | 34,771 | (92.4) | 28,392 | (88.7) |
Former | 734 | (3.8) | 1565 | (4.2) | 1741 | (5.4) | |
Current (1–3 times / month) | 417 | (2.2) | 905 | (2.4) | 1196 | (3.7) | |
Current (≥1 times / week) | 135 | (0.7) | 379 | (1.0) | 680 | (2.1) | |
Physical activity, | n | 18,754 | 35,977 | 30,689 | |||
METs h/day | Mean | 2.8 | 4.4 | 4.2 | |||
± SD | ± 5.5 | ± 9.0 | ± 8.8 | ||||
Employed | No | 7584 | (39.0) | 15,980 | (42.5) | 17,166 | (53.7) |
Yes | 11,864 | (61.0) | 21,621 | (57.5) | 14,792 | (46.3) | |
History of depression | No | 18,892 | (97.1) | 36,700 | (97.5) | 30,965 | (96.3) |
Yes | 557 | (2.9) | 961 | (2.6) | 1181 | (3.7) | |
History of anxiety disorder | No | 19,022 | (97.8) | 36,731 | (97.5) | 30,975 | (96.4) |
Yes | 427 | (2.2) | 930 | (2.5) | 1171 | (3.6) | |
History of dysautonomia | No | 18,837 | (96.9) | 36,403 | (96.7) | 30,706 | (95.5) |
Yes | 612 | (3.2) | 1258 | (3.3) | 1440 | (4.5) | |
History of schizophrenia | No | 19,422 | (99.9) | 37,609 | (99.9) | 32,072 | (99.8) |
Yes | 27 | (0.1) | 52 | (0.1) | 74 | (0.2) | |
Feeding method | Breastfeeding only | 9009 | (46.4) | 16,402 | (43.7) | 12,047 | (37.6) |
Mixed feeding | 10,288 | (53.0) | 20,826 | (55.4) | 19,158 | (59.8) | |
Formula only | 113 | (0.6) | 349 | (0.9) | 813 | (2.5) | |
Family | |||||||
Marital Status | Married | 19,065 | (98.2) | 36,430 | (97.1) | 29,419 | (92.2) |
Single | 320 | (1.7) | 966 | (2.6) | 1913 | (6.0) | |
Divorced or widowed | 33 | (0.2) | 142 | (0.4) | 581 | (1.8) | |
Annual household income, | <4 | 3941 | (20.9) | 13,030 | (36.7) | 16,460 | (56.3) |
million yen | 4–<6 | 6231 | (33.0) | 12,829 | (36.1) | 8589 | (29.4) |
≥6 | 8706 | (46.1) | 9640 | (27.2) | 4168 | (14.3) | |
Passive smoking | No | 12,818 | (66.0) | 18,722 | (49.8) | 10,793 | (33.7) |
Outdoors | 6467 | (33.3) | 18,171 | (48.3) | 19,894 | (62.2) | |
Yes | 152 | (0.8) | 694 | (1.9) | 1323 | (4.1) | |