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Table 5 Predictors of mental health treatment for appearance concerns (adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals)

From: Treatment utilization and treatment barriers in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder

 

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

OR

OR

OR

95% CI

Socio-demographic factors

 Age (continuous)

1.04**

1.02

1.02

[1.00, 1.05]

 Gender (1 = female)

0.81

0.70

0.68

[0.41, 1.11]

 Current relationship (1 = yes)

1.07

1.13

1.08

[0.67, 1.72]

 College/university degree (1 = yes)

1.06

1.48

1.44

[0.88, 2.37]

 Employed full-time (1 = yes)

1.24

1.72*

1.72*

[1.03, 2.90]

Clinical factors

 BDD symptom severity (continuous)

 

1.07**

1.07**

[1.03, 1.12]

 Insight (continuous)

 

0.74

0.74

[0.53, 1.05]

 Diagnosed with BDD (1 = yes)

 

15.81***

14.76***

[6.80, 32.00]

 Diagnosed with other mental disorder (1 = yes)

 

3.97***

3.93***

[2.29, 6.74]

 Eating disorder (1 = yes)

 

0.78

0.79

[0.47, 1.33]

 Major depressive disorder (1 = yes)

 

1.33

1.39

[0.82, 2.36]

 Appearance-related suicide attempt (1 = yes)

 

1.23

1.32

[0.54, 3.21]

 Cosmetic surgery (1 = yes)

 

1.07

1.01

[0.60, 1.71]

Treatment barriers (continuous)

  

0.91*

[0.85, 0.99]

  1. Note. BDD Body dysmorphic disorder. *** p < .001; ** p < .01; * p < .05