From: Self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in Portuguese primary school-aged children
DASS-C Depressive symptoms subscale score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (<=0.00) | Q2 (1.00–1.00) | Q3 (2.00–4.00) | Q4 (5.00 +) | p | |
n | 352 | 178 | 307 | 185 | |
Age (continuous) [mean (sd)] | 8.80 (0.72) | 8.85 (0.79) | 8.74 (0.78) | 8.72 (0.81) | 0.255 |
Sex [n(%)] | |||||
Boys | 143 (29.7) | 82 (17.0) | 153 (31.8) | 103 (21.4) | |
Girls | 209 (38.6) | 96 (17.7) | 154 (28.5) | 82 (15.2) | 0.006 |
City of residence [n(%)] | |||||
Coimbra | 225 (41.0) | 88 (16.0) | 151 (27.5) | 85 (15.5) | < 0.001 |
Lisbon | 81 (23.0) | 67 (19.0) | 119 (33.8) | 85 (24.1) | |
Porto | 46 (38.0) | 23 (19.0) | 37 (30.6) | 15 (12.4) | |
Children BMI (IOTF cut-offs) [n(%)] | |||||
Normal | 270 (34.8) | 136 (17.5) | 237 (30.5) | 133 (17.1) | |
Overweight | 62 (32.1) | 37 (19.2) | 56 (29.0) | 38 (19.7) | |
Obesity | 20 (37.7) | 5 (9.4) | 14 (26.4) | 14 (26.4) | 0.442 |
Mother BMI (WHO cut-offs)[n(%)] | |||||
Normal | 242 (35.3) | 118 (17.2) | 212 (30.9) | 113 (16.5) | |
Overweight | 83 (33.7) | 45 (18.3) | 71 (28.9) | 47 (19.1) | |
Obesity | 27 (29.7) | 15 (16.5) | 24 (26.4) | 25 (27.5) | 0.303 |
Socioeconomic statusa (Father education) [n(%)] | |||||
Low | 79 (31.6) | 33 (13.2) | 85 (34.0) | 53 (21.2) | |
Medium | 133 (35.4) | 66 (17.6) | 106 (28.2) | 71 (18.9) | |
High | 140 (35.4) | 79 (19.9) | 116 (29.3) | 61 (15.4) | 0.141 |
Sport Activity beyond school [n(%)] | |||||
Yes | 264 (35.7) | 125 (16.9) | 226 (30.6) | 124 (16.8) | |
No | 88 (31.1) | 53 (18.7) | 81 (28.6) | 61 (21.6) | 0.212 |
Self Assessed Health Status [n(%)] | |||||
Excellent, Very good | 304 (37.8) | 146 (18.2) | 240 (29.9) | 114 (14.2) | |
Good, Bad, Very Bad | 48 (22.0) | 32 (14.7) | 67 (30.7) | 71 (32.6) | < 0.001 |
Mother DASS Depression score [n(%)] | |||||
T1 (<=0.00) | 200 (38.9) | 90 (17.5) | 147 (28.6) | 77 (15.0) | |
T2 (1.00–1.00) | 67 (33.3) | 33 (16.4) | 62 (30.8) | 39 (19.4) | |
T3 (2.00 +) | 85 (27.7) | 55 (17.9) | 98 (31.9) | 69 (22.5) | 0.027 |