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Table 2 Depressive symptoms subscale quartiles distribution according to sample characteristics

From: Self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in Portuguese primary school-aged children

 

DASS-C Depressive symptoms subscale score

Q1 (<=0.00)

Q2 (1.00–1.00)

Q3 (2.00–4.00)

Q4 (5.00 +)

p

n

352

178

307

185

Age (continuous) [mean (sd)]

8.80 (0.72)

8.85 (0.79)

8.74 (0.78)

8.72 (0.81)

0.255

Sex [n(%)]

 Boys

143 (29.7)

82 (17.0)

153 (31.8)

103 (21.4)

 

 Girls

209 (38.6)

96 (17.7)

154 (28.5)

82 (15.2)

0.006

City of residence [n(%)]

 Coimbra

225 (41.0)

88 (16.0)

151 (27.5)

85 (15.5)

< 0.001

 Lisbon

81 (23.0)

67 (19.0)

119 (33.8)

85 (24.1)

 Porto

46 (38.0)

23 (19.0)

37 (30.6)

15 (12.4)

Children BMI (IOTF cut-offs) [n(%)]

 Normal

270 (34.8)

136 (17.5)

237 (30.5)

133 (17.1)

 

 Overweight

62 (32.1)

37 (19.2)

56 (29.0)

38 (19.7)

 

 Obesity

20 (37.7)

5 (9.4)

14 (26.4)

14 (26.4)

0.442

Mother BMI (WHO cut-offs)[n(%)]

 Normal

242 (35.3)

118 (17.2)

212 (30.9)

113 (16.5)

 

 Overweight

83 (33.7)

45 (18.3)

71 (28.9)

47 (19.1)

 

 Obesity

27 (29.7)

15 (16.5)

24 (26.4)

25 (27.5)

0.303

Socioeconomic statusa (Father education) [n(%)]

 Low

79 (31.6)

33 (13.2)

85 (34.0)

53 (21.2)

 

 Medium

133 (35.4)

66 (17.6)

106 (28.2)

71 (18.9)

 

 High

140 (35.4)

79 (19.9)

116 (29.3)

61 (15.4)

0.141

Sport Activity beyond school [n(%)]

 Yes

264 (35.7)

125 (16.9)

226 (30.6)

124 (16.8)

 

 No

88 (31.1)

53 (18.7)

81 (28.6)

61 (21.6)

0.212

Self Assessed Health Status [n(%)]

 Excellent, Very good

304 (37.8)

146 (18.2)

240 (29.9)

114 (14.2)

 

 Good, Bad, Very Bad

48 (22.0)

32 (14.7)

67 (30.7)

71 (32.6)

< 0.001

Mother DASS Depression score [n(%)]

 T1 (<=0.00)

200 (38.9)

90 (17.5)

147 (28.6)

77 (15.0)

 

 T2 (1.00–1.00)

67 (33.3)

33 (16.4)

62 (30.8)

39 (19.4)

 

 T3 (2.00 +)

85 (27.7)

55 (17.9)

98 (31.9)

69 (22.5)

0.027

  1. DASS-C Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale – Children version; p – p-value from ANOVA (age) and Chi-square tests, sd Standard deviation, BMI Body Mass Index, IOTF International Obesity Taskforce, WHO World Health Organization, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 – Quartiles 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the DASS-C subscale score distribution; T1, T2, T3 – Tertiles 1, 2 and 3 of the DASS-C subscale score distribution
  2. aLow socioeconomic status - if the father had 9 years of completed schooling or less; Medium socioeconomic status: if the father had between 10 and 12 years of completed schooling; High socioeconomic status – if the father had a university degree;