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Table 5 Factors associated with the DASS-C Depression, Anxiety and Stress subscales scores (dichotomized in Quartile 4 vs. Quartiles 3, 2 or 1 of the score distribution of each subscale)

From: Self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in Portuguese primary school-aged children

 

DASS-C Depressive

Q4 (n = 185) vs. <Q3 (n = 837)

DASS-C Anxiety

Q4 (n = 211) vs. <Q3 (n = 811)

DASS-C Stress

Q4 (n = 187) vs. <Q3 (n = 835)

n

OR (95%CI)

AOR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

AOR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

AOR (95%CI)

Age (continuous)

1022

0.89 (0.72–1.10)

0.83 (0.67–1.03)

0.76 (0.62–0.93)

0.70 (0.57–0.87)

0.86 (0.70–1.06)

0.82 (0.66–1.02)

Sex

 Boys

481

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Girls

541

0.66 (0.48–0.90)

0.65 (0.47–0.92)

0.76 (0.56–1.02)

0.80 (0.58–1.10)

0.56 (0.41–0.77)

0.57 (0.41–0.80)

City of residence

 Coimbra

549

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Lisbon

352

1.74 (1.24–2.43)

1.75 (1.23–2.50)

1.49 (1.08–2.06)

1.55 (1.11–2.18)

2.07 (1.48–2.90)

2.16 (1.52–3.09)

 Porto

121

0.77 (0.43–1.39)

0.81 (0.44–1.47)

0.65 (0.37–1.15)

0.64 (0.36–1.15)

0.83 (0.46–1.50)

0.89 (0.48–1.63)

Children BMI (IOTF cut-offs)

 Normal

776

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Overweight

193

1.19 (0.79–1.77)

0.94 (0.61–1.45)

1.24 (0.85–1.81)

1.04 (0.69–1.55)

1.27 (0.86–1.88)

1.09 (0.71–1.66)

 Obesity

53

1.74 (0.92–3.29)

1.15 (0.57–2.32)

1.32 (0.69–2.54)

0.87 (0.43–1.77)

1.09 (0.54–2.23)

0.80 (0.36–1.75)

Mother BMI (WHO cut-offs)

 Normal

685

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Overweight

246

1.20 (0.82–1.74)

1.12 (0.75–1.69)

1.45 (1.02–2.05)

1.39 (0.96–2.03)

0.98 (0.67–1.43)

0.93 (0.61–1.41)

 Obesity

91

1.92 (1.16–3.17)

1.61 (0.93–2.80)

1.79 (1.09–2.94)

1.63 (0.96–2.77)

1.47 (0.88–2.47)

1.21 (0.68–2.13)

Socioeconomic status

 Low

250

1.48 (0.98–2.22)

1.22 (0.76–1.94)

1.43 (0.97–2.12)

1.10 (0.70–1.72)

1.62 (1.08–2.42)

1.61 (1.01–2.56)

 Medium

376

1.28 (0.88–1.86)

1.24 (0.83–1.85)

1.36 (0.96–1.95)

1.32 (0.91–1.93)

1.30 (0.89–1.90)

1.33 (0.89–1.99)

 High

396

1

1

1

1

1

1

Sport Activity beyond school

 Yes

739

1

1

1

1

1

1

 No

283

1.36 (0.97–1.92)

1.13 (0.77–1.67)

1.47 (1.06–2.04)

1.34 (0.93–1.93)

1.38 (0.98–1.94)

1.26 (0.86–1.86)

Self-Assessed Health

 Excellent, Very good

804

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Good, Bad, Very Bad

218

2.92 (2.07–4.13)

2.70 (1.87–3.91)

2.10 (1.49–2.94)

1.84 (1.28–2.65)

2.16 (1.52–3.07)

1.96 (1.34–2.88)

Mother DASS Depression score

 T1

514

1

1

    

 T2

201

1.37 (0.89–2.09)

1.38 (0.89–2.14)

    

 T3

307

1.65 (1.15–2.36)

1.67 (1.14–2.44)

    

Mother DASS Anxiety score

 T1

572

  

1

1

  

 T2

206

  

0.96 (0.64–1.47)

0.91 (0.59–1.40)

  

 T3

244

  

1.91 (1.35–2.70)

1.74 (1.21–2.51)

  

Mother DASS Stress score

 T1

415

    

1

1

 T2

311

    

1.37 (0.91–2.08)

1.37 (0.89–2.09)

 T3

296

    

2.62 (1.78–3.85)

2.75 (1.85–4.10)

  1. DASS-C Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale – Children version, BMI Body Mass Index; IOTF International Obesity Taskforce, WHO World Health Organization; T1, T2, T3 – Tertiles 1, 2 and 3 of the DASS subscale score distribution