From: Self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in Portuguese primary school-aged children
DASS-C Depressive Q4 (n = 185) vs. <Q3 (n = 837) | DASS-C Anxiety Q4 (n = 211) vs. <Q3 (n = 811) | DASS-C Stress Q4 (n = 187) vs. <Q3 (n = 835) | |||||
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n | OR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | |
Age (continuous) | 1022 | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) | 0.83 (0.67–1.03) | 0.76 (0.62–0.93) | 0.70 (0.57–0.87) | 0.86 (0.70–1.06) | 0.82 (0.66–1.02) |
Sex | |||||||
Boys | 481 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Girls | 541 | 0.66 (0.48–0.90) | 0.65 (0.47–0.92) | 0.76 (0.56–1.02) | 0.80 (0.58–1.10) | 0.56 (0.41–0.77) | 0.57 (0.41–0.80) |
City of residence | |||||||
Coimbra | 549 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Lisbon | 352 | 1.74 (1.24–2.43) | 1.75 (1.23–2.50) | 1.49 (1.08–2.06) | 1.55 (1.11–2.18) | 2.07 (1.48–2.90) | 2.16 (1.52–3.09) |
Porto | 121 | 0.77 (0.43–1.39) | 0.81 (0.44–1.47) | 0.65 (0.37–1.15) | 0.64 (0.36–1.15) | 0.83 (0.46–1.50) | 0.89 (0.48–1.63) |
Children BMI (IOTF cut-offs) | |||||||
Normal | 776 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Overweight | 193 | 1.19 (0.79–1.77) | 0.94 (0.61–1.45) | 1.24 (0.85–1.81) | 1.04 (0.69–1.55) | 1.27 (0.86–1.88) | 1.09 (0.71–1.66) |
Obesity | 53 | 1.74 (0.92–3.29) | 1.15 (0.57–2.32) | 1.32 (0.69–2.54) | 0.87 (0.43–1.77) | 1.09 (0.54–2.23) | 0.80 (0.36–1.75) |
Mother BMI (WHO cut-offs) | |||||||
Normal | 685 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Overweight | 246 | 1.20 (0.82–1.74) | 1.12 (0.75–1.69) | 1.45 (1.02–2.05) | 1.39 (0.96–2.03) | 0.98 (0.67–1.43) | 0.93 (0.61–1.41) |
Obesity | 91 | 1.92 (1.16–3.17) | 1.61 (0.93–2.80) | 1.79 (1.09–2.94) | 1.63 (0.96–2.77) | 1.47 (0.88–2.47) | 1.21 (0.68–2.13) |
Socioeconomic status | |||||||
Low | 250 | 1.48 (0.98–2.22) | 1.22 (0.76–1.94) | 1.43 (0.97–2.12) | 1.10 (0.70–1.72) | 1.62 (1.08–2.42) | 1.61 (1.01–2.56) |
Medium | 376 | 1.28 (0.88–1.86) | 1.24 (0.83–1.85) | 1.36 (0.96–1.95) | 1.32 (0.91–1.93) | 1.30 (0.89–1.90) | 1.33 (0.89–1.99) |
High | 396 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Sport Activity beyond school | |||||||
Yes | 739 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
No | 283 | 1.36 (0.97–1.92) | 1.13 (0.77–1.67) | 1.47 (1.06–2.04) | 1.34 (0.93–1.93) | 1.38 (0.98–1.94) | 1.26 (0.86–1.86) |
Self-Assessed Health | |||||||
Excellent, Very good | 804 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Good, Bad, Very Bad | 218 | 2.92 (2.07–4.13) | 2.70 (1.87–3.91) | 2.10 (1.49–2.94) | 1.84 (1.28–2.65) | 2.16 (1.52–3.07) | 1.96 (1.34–2.88) |
Mother DASS Depression score | |||||||
T1 | 514 | 1 | 1 | ||||
T2 | 201 | 1.37 (0.89–2.09) | 1.38 (0.89–2.14) | ||||
T3 | 307 | 1.65 (1.15–2.36) | 1.67 (1.14–2.44) | ||||
Mother DASS Anxiety score | |||||||
T1 | 572 | 1 | 1 | ||||
T2 | 206 | 0.96 (0.64–1.47) | 0.91 (0.59–1.40) | ||||
T3 | 244 | 1.91 (1.35–2.70) | 1.74 (1.21–2.51) | ||||
Mother DASS Stress score | |||||||
T1 | 415 | 1 | 1 | ||||
T2 | 311 | 1.37 (0.91–2.08) | 1.37 (0.89–2.09) | ||||
T3 | 296 | 2.62 (1.78–3.85) | 2.75 (1.85–4.10) |