Table 2 Class size and profile of classified medication pattern in reports with psychiatric medications during pregnancy
Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class sizea | 23.3% | 17.2% | 15.2% | 11.1% | 11.0% | 5.7% | 4.5% | 3.9% | 3.6% | 2.6% | 2.0% |
Number of reports | n=2417 | n=1789 | n=1582 | n=1153 | n=1143 | n=590 | n=463 | n=404 | n=373 | n=272 | n=203 |
Hypnotics and sedatives, antianxietics | |||||||||||
 Alprazolam | 0.8% | 13.6% | 9.9% | 11.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 0.0% | 2.5% |
 Lorazepam | 0.2% | 9.0% | 3.2% | 11.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 5.9% | 27.1% |
 Zolpidem tartrate | 0.7% | 9.8% | 1.6% | 14.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 15.8% |
 Diazepam | 0.5% | 4.4% | 1.4% | 11.7% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.5% |
Antiepileptics | |||||||||||
 Lamotrigine | 10.5% | 7.2% | 5.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 45.1% | 11.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 46.8% |
 Levetiracetam | 7.3% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 30.3% | 61.1% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 2.2% | 2.5% |
 Clonazepam | 1.6% | 11.0% | 6.1% | 11.8% | 0.0% | 8.3% | 11.4% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 48.8% |
 Gabapentin | 0.0% | 18.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 1.0% |
 Topiramate | 4.3% | 9.8% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 58.3% | 0.0% | 6.7% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
 Divalproex sodium | 11.1% | 2.4% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 3.9% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 2.0% |
 Carbamazepine | 2.5% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 5.5% | 0.0% | 30.5% | 7.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 1.5% |
 Valproate sodium | 3.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 6.7% | 0.0% | 23.2% | 2.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% |
 Vigabatrin | 4.9% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 19.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Antidepressant | |||||||||||
 Paroxetine hydrochloride | 0.0% | 4.9% | 8.2% | 18.9% | 100.0% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
 Sertraline hydrochloride | 9.9% | 9.9% | 14.6% | 4.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 1.5% | 0.0% | 99.7% | 0.4% | 21.2% |
 Duloxetine hydrochloride | 12.9% | 9.1% | 11.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 19.2% |
 Fluoxetine hydrochloride | 0.0% | 14.3% | 12.4% | 2.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
 Escitalopram oxalate | 3.8% | 9.4% | 8.5% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 13.7% | 0.0% | 6.4% |
 Venlafaxine hydrochloride | 1.3% | 11.9% | 4.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 8.4% |
 Bupropion hydrochloride | 0.0% | 9.2% | 4.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.4% | 0.4% | 13.3% |
 Trazodone hydrochloride | 0.0% | 9.7% | 2.7% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.7% | 9.4% |
Antipsychotic agent | |||||||||||
 Aripiprazole | 0.0% | 3.6% | 23.6% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 2.2% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 96.1% |
 Risperidone | 2.9% | 1.0% | 5.1% | 10.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 24.6% |
 Olanzapine | 5.1% | 1.5% | 5.2% | 4.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 4.4% |
 Quetiapine fumarate | 0.9% | 3.8% | 4.0% | 7.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 22.7% |
Other drugs | |||||||||||
 Vitamins | 0.0% | 25.3% | 5.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% | 15.8% | 0.0% | 45.6% | 0.0% | 7.4% |
 Folic acid | 0.0% | 9.7% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 0.0% | 26.6% | 13.2% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 0.4% | 3.0% |
 Paracetamol | 0.0% | 17.6% | 0.3% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 1.9% | 0.9% | 0.0% | 13.4% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
 Oxybate sodium | 0.0% | 19.4% | 2.5% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
 Ibuprofen | 0.0% | 14.5% | 0.3% | 1.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 10.2% | 0.4% | 0.0% |
 Colecalciferol | 0.0% | 14.6% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
 Ondansetron hydrochloride | 0.0% | 11.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 9.9% | 0.4% | 13.3% |
 Levothyroxine sodium | 0.0% | 9.4% | 0.6% | 1.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.6% | 0.0% | 4.0% | 0.0% | 5.4% |
 Prednisone | 0.0% | 10.6% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.8% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 0.4% | 0.0% |
 Acetaminophen/hydrocodone bitartrate | 0.0% | 11.7% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.4% | 0.0% |
Number of exposed drugs | |||||||||||
 1 | 98.8% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 88.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 12.5% | 0.0% |
 2 | 1.2% | 0.0% | 51.8% | 0.2% | 7.4% | 60.2% | 14.0% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 27.2% | 0.0% |
 3 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 34.8% | 8.7% | 4.3% | 28.3% | 27.4% | 0.0% | 8.3% | 27.2% | 0.0% |
 4≤ | 0.0% | 100.0% | 13.2% | 91.2% | 0.0% | 11.5% | 58.5% | 0.0% | 86.6% | 33.1% | 100.0% |