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Table 4 Adjusted effect of depression on Medicare and out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures, stratified by service types

From: Association between depression and healthcare expenditures among elderly cancer patients

 

AOR[95% CI]

Coefficient (SE)

$ Change

[95% CI]

% Change

[95% CI]

Medicare healthcare expenditures

 Medical provider

 

0.31

(0.1)*

4327

[1425,7856]

36

[11.8,65.4]

 Hospital outpatient

 

−0.02

(0.14)

−97

[1180,1327.9]

−2.1

[−25.6,28.8]

 Inpatient‡

2.7

[1.59,4.58]***

0.05

(0.12)

922

[3374,6389]

4.8

[−17.6,33.4]

 Prescribed medicine‡

0.88

[0.53,1.46]

−0.07

(0.17)

−76

[−387,363]

−6.7

[33.9,31.7]

 Other‡

2.55

[1.59,4.09]*

0.39

(0.17)*

870

[113.21921]

47.2

[6.1104.1]

Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures

 Medical provider

 

0.39

(0.16)*

654

[104,1407]

47.1

[7.5101.3]

 Prescribed medicine

 

−0.02

(0.1)

−10

[−94,93]

−2.3

[−20.9,20.7]

 Other

 

0.43

(0.2)*

465

[21,1130]

53

[2.3128.7]

 Inpatient‡

1.71

[0.97,3.01]

−0.54

(0.35)

− 1025

[− 1740,403]

−41.8

[−70.9,16.4]

 Hospital outpatient‡

1.05

[0.58,1.92]

− 0.26

(0.22)

− 342

[− 751,296]

−23

[−50.5,19.9]

  1. ***P < .001, **.001 ≤ P < .01, *.01 ≤ P < .05
  2. ‡ Because a large number of patients did not have expenditures in these categories of expenditures, two-part models, with logistic regressions in the first part and GLMs with gamma distribution and log link in the second part were used to estimate the adjusted effect of depression
  3. Note: SE, Standard Error