Table 1 Mean (M), standard deviation (SD), and ANOVAs between the ADHD-P, ADHD-R, and N-ADHD groups on executive functions and ADHD associated behaviors
1.ADHD-P N = 40 | 2.ADHD-R N = 21 | 3.N-ADHD N = 54 | Group Difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F(2,112) | η2p | ||
Executive Functions | ||||||
Inhibition | 15.85 (2.87) | 13.62 (2.88) | 11.72 (2.63) | 25.55** | .31 | 1 > 3 |
Shift | 10.85 (3.11) | 9.43 (5.59) | 8.56 (2.23) | 9.07** | .13 | 1 > 3 |
Working Memory | 15.20 (3.70) | 12.43 (2.97) | 10.69 (2.09) | 27.84** | .33 | 1 > 2, 3 |
Plan/Organize | 19.38 (4.99) | 17.24 (3.66) | 14.13 (2.99) | 21.10** | .27 | 1 > 3; 2 > 3 |
ADHD Associated Behaviors | ||||||
Inattention/Memory | 16.93 (7.01) | 14.14 (8.78) | 6.36 (4.28) | 32.90** | .37 | 1, 2 > 3 |
Hyperactivity/Restlessness | 21.15 (5.80) | 14.81 (5.59) | 8.91 (4.83) | 60.82** | .52 | 1 > 2, 3; 2 > 3 |
Impulsivity/ E. Lability | 16.08 (6.84) | 9.76 (7.46) | 6.33 (5.16) | 28.17** | .33 | 1 > 2, 3 |
Self-concept problems | 6.63 (5.31) | 5.00 (3.97) | 3.78 (3.55) | 4.99* | .08 | 1 > 3 |