Author (year) Country | Term | Setting (sample) | Prevalence estimate | Â | Â | Â | Study quality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lifetime | 12-month | 6-month | 1-month | ||||
Flisher et al. (1993) [34]. South Africa. | Attempted suicide | School (7340) | – | OV = 572/7340 (7.8%) | – | – | 2/5 |
Kebede & Ketsela (1993) [35]. Ethiopia. | Attempted suicide | School (519) | OV = 74/519 (14.3%) F = 32/232 (13.8%) M = 42/287 (14.6%) | – | – | – | 5/5 |
Peltzer et al. (2000) [36]. South Africa. | Attempted suicide | School (366) | OV = 46/366 (12.6%) | – | – | – | 3/5 |
Madu & Matla (2003) [37]. South Africa. | Attempted suicide | School (435) | OV = 91/435 (21%) F = 43/243 (18%) M = 48/192 (25%) | – | – | – | 4/5 |
Wild et al. (2004) [38]. South Africa. | Suicidal attempt | School (939) | – | OV = 95/939 (10%) F = 69/519 (13.3%) M = 26/420 (6.2%) | – | – | 4/5 |
Sommer (2005) [39]. Cross-national (South Africa & Germany) | Suicidal behaviour | School (299) | OV = 48/299 (16.1%) F = 38/185 (20.5%) M = 10/114 (8.8%) | – | – | – | 2/5 |
Flisher et al. (2006) [40]. South Africa. | Suicidal attempt | School (10669) | – | OV = 9.1% F = 691/6066 (11.4%) M = 313/4603 (6.8%) | – | – | 3/5 |
Shiferaw et al. (2006) [41]. Ethiopia. | Suicidal attempt | School (667) | OV = 44/667 (6.6%) | OV = 39/667 (5.8%) F = 11/155 (7.1%) M = 28/512 (5.5%) | – | – | 2/5 |
Omigbodun et al. (2008) [20]. Nigeria. | Attempted suicide | School (1429) | – | OV = 167/1429 (11.7%) F = 87/702 (12.4%) M = 80/727 (11%) | – | – | 4/5 |
Peltzer (2008) [42]. South Africa | Suicide attempt | School (1157) | – | OV = 278/1157 (24%) | – | – | 4/5 |
Mashego & Madu (2009) [43]. South Africa. | Suicidal behaviour | School (142) | OV = 21/142 (14.8%) F = 14/86 (16.3%) M = 7/56 (12.5%) | – | – | – | 4/5 |
Kinyanda et al. (2011) [28]. Uganda. | Self-injury & Suicide attempt | Community (897) | Self-injury: 13/897 (1.4%) Suicide attempt: 15/897 (1.7%) | – | – | – | 5/5 |
Nanewortor (2011) [44]. Ghana | Attempted suicide | School (383) | OV = 31/383 (8.1%) | – | – | – | 4/5 |
Campbell (2012) [45]. South Africa | Attempted suicide | School (1033) | OV = 129/1033 (12.5%) F = 100/552 (18.1%) M = 26/437 (5.9%) | – | – | – | 3/5 |
Swahn et al. (2012) [30]. Uganda. | Suicidal attempt | Community (457) | – | OV = 90/457 (19.8%) F = 67/313 (21.4%) M = 23/144 (16.2%) | – | – | 4/5 |
van Niekerk et al. (2012) [46]. South Africa. | Suicidal attempt | University (810) | OV = 47/810 (5.8%) | – | – | – | 3/5 |
Vawda (2012) [47]. South Africa | Suicide attempt | School (219) | OV = 12/219 (5.5%) | – | – | – | 3/5 |
Gage (2013) [25]. Ethiopia | Suicide attempt | Community (2709) | – | – | OV = 62/2709 (2.3%) | – | 4/5 |
Muula et al. (2013) [48]. Zambia. | Self-inflicted serious injury | School (2136) | – | OV = 254/2136 (11.9%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Shilubane et al. (2013) [49]. South Africa. | Suicidal attempt | School: 2002 SAYRBS (10549) 2008 SAYRBS (10097) | – | – | 2002 SAYRBS: OV = 18.5% F = 19.5% M = 17.3% 2008 SAYRBS: OV = 21.8% F = 22.7% M = 20.8% | – | 5/5 |
van Rooyen (2013) [50]. South Africa | Deliberate self-harm | University (603) | OV = 291/603 (48.3%) | OV = 223/6033 (7.0%) | – | – | 3/5 |
Cheng et al. (2014) [33]. Cross-national (Nigeria, South Africa, China, India, USA). | Suicidal attempt | Community: Nigeria (449) South Africa (496) | – | Nigeria: OV = 73/449 (16.3%) F = 33/229 (14.3%) M = 40/220 (18.3%) South Africa: OV = 54/496 (10.9%) F = 22/224 (10%) M = 32/272 (11.8%) | – | – | 4/5 |
Chinawa et al. (2014) [51]. Nigeria. | Attempted suicide | School (764) | – | OV = 96/764 (12.5%) | – | – | 2/5 |
Lippi (2014) [52]. South Africa. | Deliberate self-harm | University (603) | OV = 278/603 (46.1%) F = 219/483 (45.3%) M = 59/120 (49.2%) | OV = 216/603 (35.8%) | – | – | 3/5 |
Penning & Collings (2014) [53]. South Africa. | Self-injury | School (716) | – | OV = 20/716 (2.8%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Randall et al. (2014) [54]. Benin. | Attempted suicide | School (2690) | – | OV = 761/2690 (28.3%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Shilubane et al. (2014) [55]. South Africa. | Suicide attempt | School (591) | – | – | OV = 134/591 (22.7%) F = 52/297 (18.2%) M = 77/294 (27%) | – | 4/5 |
Cluver et al. (2015) [56]. South Africa | Suicide attempt | Community (3401) | – | – | – | OV = 111/3401 (3.3%) F = 79/1926 (4.4%) M = 32/1475 (2.2%) | 4/5 |
Ng et al. (2015) [57]. Rwanda | Suicidal behaviour | Community (237) | – | – | OV = 30/237 (12.6%) | – | 5/5 |
Giru (2016) [58]. Ethiopia | Suicide attempt | School (722) | OV = 90/722 (12.5%) F = 47/336 (14%) M = 43/386 (11.1%) | – | – | OV = 14/722 (1.9%) F = 10/336 (3%) M = 4/386 (1%) | 3/5 |
Shaikh et al. (2016) [59]. Malawi. | Suicide attempt | School (2225) | – | OV = 287/2225 (12.9%) F = 157/1188 (13.2%) M = 130/1037 (12.4%) | – | – | 5/5 |
van der Walt (2016) [60]. South Africa | Self-harm | University (201) | OV = 39/201 (19.4%) | – | – | – | 3/5 |
Akanni et al. (2017) [61]. Nigeria | Attempted suicide | School (300) | – | OV = 17/300 (5.7%) F = 8/135 (5.9%) M = 9/165 (5.5%) | – | – | 2/5 |
Asante et al. (2017) [62]. Ghana | Suicide attempt | School (1973) | – | OV = 438/1973 (22.2%) F = 213/908 (23.5%) M = 225/1065 (21.1%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Asante & Meyer-Weitz (2017) [31]. Ghana. | Suicidal attempt | Community (227) | – | – | – | OV = 60/227 (26.4%) F = 36/105 (37.5%) M = 24/122 (20.3%) | 4/5 |
James et al. (2017) [63]. South Africa. | Suicidal attempt | School (10997) | – | – | OV = 17.8% | – | 4/5 |
Nyandindi (2017) [64]. Tanzania | Suicide attempt | School (3793) | – | OV = 436/3793 (11.5%) F = 230/1931 (11.9%) M = 192/1862 (10.3%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Peltzer & Pengpid (2017) [65]. Namibia | Suicide attempt | School (4531) | – | OV = 1029/4531 (22.7%) F = 604/2406 (27.4%) M = 577/2125 (24.5%) | – | – | 4/5 |
Stansfeld et al. (2017) [66]. South Africa | Suicide attempt | School (1034) | – | OV = 139/1034 (13.4%) | – | – | 4/5 |
Amare et al. (2018) [67]. Ethiopia | Suicide attempt | School (573) | OV = 93/573 (16.2%) F = 44/296 (14.8%) M = 49/277 (17.7%) | – | – | OV = 18/573 (3.1%) | 5/5 |
Khuzwayo et al. (2018) [68]. South Africa | Suicide attempt | School (1687) | – | OV = 256/1687 (15.2%) F = 196/854 (22.9%) M = 60/833 (7.2%) | – | – | 3/5 |
Liu et al. (2018) [69]. Cross-national (Benin, Ghana, Malawi, Mauritania, Namibia, & eSwatini). | Suicide attempt | School: Benin (2649) Ghana (3543) Malawi (2212) Mauritania (1976) Namibia (4410) eSwatini (3612) | – | Benin: OV = 747/2649 (28.2%) F = 260/927 (28%) M = 486/1722 (28.2%) Ghana: OV = 935/3543 (26.4%) F = 449/1637 (27.4%) M = 486/1906 (25.5%) Malawi: OV = 246/2212 (11.1%) F = 128/1175 (10.7%) M = 118/1037 (11.4%) Mauritania: OV = 334/1976 (16.9%) F = 173/1045 (16.6%) M = 160/931 (17.2%) Namibia: OV = 1129/4410 (25.6%) F = 565/2329 (24.2%) M = 564/2081 (27.1%) eSwatini: OV =585/3612 (16.2%) F = 305/1896 (16.1%) M = 280/1716 (16.3%) | – | – | 5/5 |
van der Wal & George (2018) [70]. South Africa. | Self-harm | School (962) | OV = 167/962 (17.4%) F = 109/557 (19.4%) M = 58/405 (14.5%) | – | – | – | 3/5 |
Baiden et al. (2019) [71]. Ghana | Suicide attempt | School (1633) | – | OV = 349/1633 (21.1%) F = 187/807 (23.2%) M = 162/826 (19.6%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Brittain et al. (2019) [72]. South Africa | Self-harm & Attempted suicide | Community (110) | – | Self-harm: 3/110 (3%) Attempted suicide: 1/110 (0.9%) | – | – | 4/5 |
Darré et al. (2019) [73]. Togo | Suicide attempt | School (941) | OV = 46/941 (4.9%) F = 31/753 (3.3%) M = 15/188 (1.6%) | – | – | – | 3/5 |
Koyanagi, Oh et al. (2019) [74]. Cross-national (Benin, Ghana, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Swaziland, & Tanzania). | Suicide attempt | School: Benin (1170) Ghana (1110) Malawi (2224) Mauritania (1285) Mozambique (668) Namibia (1936) Seychelles (2061) Swaziland (1318) Tanzania (2615) | – | Benin: OV = 337/1170 (28.8%) F = 104/397 (26.4%) M = 233/773 (30.1%) Ghana: OV = 295/1110 (26.6%) F = 154/565 (27.5%) M = 141/545 (25.9%) Malawi: OV = 249/2224 (11.2%) F = 115/1079 (10.7%) M = 128/1145 (11.2%) Mauritania: OV = 227/1285 (17.7%) F = 98/601 (16.3%) M = 126/684 (18.4%) Mozambique: OV = 112/668 (16.8%) F = 56/337 (16.7%) M = 57/331 (17.1%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Koyanagi, Oh et al. (2019) [74]. | Suicide attempt |  | – | Namibia: OV = 507/1936 (26.2%) F = 260/1106 (23.5%) M = 247/830 (29.7%) Seychelles: OV = 435/2061 (21.1%) F = 215/1041 (20.7%) M = 220/1020 (21.6%) Swaziland: OV = 202/1318 (15.3%) F = 121/803 (15.1%) M = 78/515 (15.2%) Tanzania: OV = 290/2615 (11.1%) F = 159/1391 (11.4%) M = 126/1224 (10.3%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Koyanagi, Stubbs et al. (2019) [75]. Cross-national (including Benin, Ghana, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Swaziland, & Tanzania). | Suicide attempt | School: Benin (2690) Ghana (1684) Mauritania (2063) Mozambique (1918) Namibia (4531) Seychelles (2540) Swaziland (3680) Tanzania (3793) | – | Benin: 761/2690 (28.3%) Ghana: 485/1684 (28.8%) Mauritania: 359/2063 (17.4%) Mozambique: 363/1918 (18.9%) Namibia: 1178/4531 (26.0%) Seychelles: 511/2540 (20.1%) Swaziland: 607/3680 (16.5%) Tanzania: 436/3793 (11.5%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Nguyen et al. (2019) [76]. Cross-national (Nigeria, Uganda, & Zambia). | Self-injury | Households: Nigeria (4203) Uganda (5804) Zambia (1819) | Nigeria: 123/4203 (2.9%) Uganda: 244/5804 (4.2%) Zambia: 104/1819 (5.7%) | – | – | – | 5/5 |
Quarshie et al. (2019) [77]. Ghana | Suicide attempt | College (305) | OV = 7/305 (2.3%) F = 6/277 (2.3%) M = 1/28 (3.6%) | – | – | – | 5/5 |
Shayo & Lawala (2019) [78]. Tanzania | Suicide attempt | School (3793) | – | OV = 422/3793 (11.1%) F = 230/1974 (11.7%) M = 192/1819 (10.6%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Thornton et al. (2019) [79]. Cross-national (South Africa & Guyana) | Suicide attempt | Households: South Africa (175) | – | – | South Africa: 14/175 (7.4%) | – | 2/5 |
Tolulope et al. (2019) [80]. Nigeria. | Suicide attempt | School (1015) | OV = 30/1015 (3%) | – | – | – | 4/5 |
Uddin et al. (2019) [81]. Cross-national (Benin, Ghana, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, & Tanzania). | Suicide attempt | School: Benin (2579) Ghana (2195) Malawi (2191) Mauritania (1867) Mozambique (1248) | – | Benin: OV = 720/2579 (27.9%) F = 254/902 (28.2%) M = 466/1667 (28%) Ghana: OV = 607/2195 (27.7%) F = 304/1029 (29.5%) M = 294/1146 (25.7%) Malawi: OV = 251/2191 (11.5%) F = 125/1142 (11%) M = 118/1015 (11.6%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Uddin et al. (2019) [81]. | Suicide attempt | Namibia (3235) Swaziland (2547) Tanzania (2911) | – | Mauritania: OV = 322/1867 (17.3%) F = 161/983 (16.4%) M = 153/866 (17.7%) Mozambique: OV = 213/1248 (17.1%) F = 113/596 (19%) M = 95/633 (15%) Namibia: OV = 836/3235 (25.8%) F = 432/1795 (24.1%) M = 390/1409 (27.7%) Swaziland: OV = 439/2547 (17.2%) F = 245/1432 (17.1%) M = 190/1108 (17.2%) Tanzania: OV = 298/2911 (10.2%) F = 161/1448 (10.9%) M = 126/1403 (9%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Vancampfort et al. (2019) [82]. Cross-national (Benin, Ghana, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, & Tanzania) | Suicide attempt | School: Benin (1170) Ghana (1110) Mauritania (1285) Mozambique (668) Namibia (1936) | – | Benin: 323/1170 (27.6%) Ghana: 295/1110 (26.6%) Mauritania: 213/1285 (16.6%) Mozambique: 114/668 (16.5%) Namibia: 492/1936 (25.4%) | – | – | 5/5 |
Vancampfort et al. (2019) [82]. | Suicide attempt | Seychelles (2061) Tanzania (2615) | – | Seychelles: 423/2061 (20.5%) Tanzania: 282/2615 (10.8%) | – | – | 5/5 |