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Table 1 Socio-demographic, social and clinical characteristics of the participants

From: Depression, anxiety, and associated factors in patients with diabetes: evidence from the anxiety, depression, and personality traits in diabetes mellitus (ADAPT-DM) study

Variables

N

%

Age (N = 300)

63a

16b

Gender

 Male

158

52.7

 Female

141

47.0

 Missing

1

0.3

Ethnicity

 Malay

195

65.0

 Chinese

54

18.0

 Indian

44

14.7

 Others

7

2.3

Marital status

 Married

233

77.7

 Single

24

8.0

 Divorced/widowed

43

14.3

Education

 None

7

2.3

 Primary

38

12.7

 Secondary

133

44.3

 Tertiary

119

39.7

 Missing

3

1.0

Employment

 Employed

80

26.7

 Unemployed

94

31.3

 Retired

123

41.0

 Missing

3

1.0

Household income

  < RM3,000

166

55.3

 RM3,000–6000

57

19.0

  > RM6,000

61

20.3

 Missing

16

5.3

Religion

 Islam

199

66.3

 Buddhism

37

12.3

 Hindusim

35

11.7

 Christianity

23

7.7

 Others

4

1.3

 Missing

2

0.7

Regular religious practice

 Disagree

19

6.3

 Neutral

43

14.4

 Agree

237

79.0

 Missing

1

0.3

Smoking

 Never

216

72.0

 Ex-smoker

64

21.3

 Current smoker

20

6.7

Alcohol use

 Yes

26

8.7

 No

271

90.3

 Missing

3

1.0

Recreational drug use

 Yes

5

1.7

 No

294

98.0

 Missing

1

0.3

Perceived social support

 Very poor

2

0.7

 Poor

8

2.7

 Neutral

48

16.0

 Good

165

55.0

 Very good

76

25.3

 Missing

1

0.3

Diabetes type

 Type 1

22

7.3

 Type 2

269

89.7

 Gestational

6

2.0

 Missing

3

1.0

 Duration of DM (years) (N = 229)

14a

12b

Insulin therapy

 Yes

138

46.0

 No

114

38.0

 Missing

48

16.0

 HbA1c (%) (N = 268)

7.6a

2.7b

Diabetic control

 Good

92

30.7

 Poor

208

69.3

“I am able to manage my diabetes well”

 Disagree

15

5.0

 Neutral

70

23.4

 Agree

214

71.3

 Missing

1

0.3

Obesity

 BMI < 25

65

21.7

 BMI 25–30

147

49.0

 BMI > 30

78

26.0

 Missing

10

3.3

Hypertension

 Yes

222

74.0

 No

78

26.0

Dyslipidaemia

 Yes

152

50.7

 No

148

49.3

Ischaemic heart disease

 Yes

82

27.3

 No

218

72.7

Stroke

 Yes

27

9.0

 No

273

91.0

Renal disease

 Yes

53

17.7

 No

247

82.3

Anxiety (GAD-7)

 Yes

27

9.0

 No

273

91.0

Depression (BDI)

 No/minimal

240

80.0

 Mild to moderate

41

13.7

 Moderate to severe

17

5.7

 Severe

2

0.7

WHOQOL-BREF

 Overall perception of QOL

  Very poor

3

1.0

  Poor

5

1.7

  Neither poor nor good

89

29.7

  Good

162

54.0

  Very good

41

13.7

 Overall perception of health

  Very dissatisfied

1

0.3

  Dissatisfied

37

12.3

  Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

131

43.7

  Satisfied

121

40.3

  Very satisfied

10

3.3

 WHOQOL-BREF domains (N = 300)

  Physical health

63.00a

19.00b

  Psychological

69.00a

13.53b

  Social relationships

75.00a

19.00b

  Environment

69.00a

12.00b

 BFI subscales (N = 300)

  Extraversion

3.38a

0.75b

  Agreeableness

3.78a

0.43b

  Conscienciousness

3.67a

0.60b

  Neuroticism

2.50a

0.73b

  Openness

3.30a

0.60b

  1. a = Median; b = Interquartile range (IQR)