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Table 1 General characteristics of the study population

From: Association between health behaviours and depression: findings from a national cross-sectional study in South Korea

Variables

Depression

Male

Female

TOTAL

Yes

No

P-value

TOTAL

Yes

No

P-value

N

%

N

%

N

%

 

N

%

N

%

N

%

 

Total(N = 221,622)

99,852

100.0

2152

2.2

97,700

97.8

 

121,770

100.0

4443

3.6

117,327

96.4

 

Health behavioursa

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Yes

24,040

24.1

343

1.4

23,697

98.6

 

42,831

35.2

1082

2.5

41,749

97.5

 

 No

75,812

75.9

1809

2.4

74,003

97.6

 

78,939

64.8

3361

4.3

75,578

95.7

 

Age (years)

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 19–29

11,157

11.2

249

2.2

10,908

97.8

 

12,476

10.2

571

4.6

11,905

95.4

 

 30–39

13,706

13.7

254

1.9

13,452

98.1

 

15,405

12.7

406

2.6

14,999

97.4

 

 40–49

18,051

18.1

232

1.3

17,819

98.7

 

20,344

16.7

364

1.8

19,980

98.2

 

 50–59

20,094

20.1

308

1.5

19,786

98.5

 

23,692

19.5

531

2.2

23,161

97.8

 

  ≥ 60

36,844

36.9

1109

3.0

35,735

97.0

 

49,853

40.9

2571

5.2

47,282

94.8

 

Marital Status

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Living with spouse

72,806

72.9

1252

1.7

71,554

98.3

 

77,342

63.5

1968

2.5

75,374

97.5

 

 Living without spouse

27,046

27.1

900

3.3

26,146

96.7

 

44,428

36.5

2475

5.6

41,953

94.4

 

Region

      

0.4589

      

0.0300

 Metropolitan area

29,861

29.9

628

2.1

29,233

97.9

 

36,647

30.1

1272

3.5

35,375

96.5

 

 Rural

69,991

70.1

1524

2.2

68,467

97.8

 

85,123

69.9

3171

3.7

81,952

96.3

 

Occupational categoriesb

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 White

22,866

22.9

220

1.0

22,646

99.0

 

21,160

17.4

457

2.2

20,703

97.8

 

 Pink

10,382

10.4

163

1.6

10,219

98.4

 

18,084

14.9

440

2.4

17,644

97.6

 

 Blue

42,702

42.8

607

1.4

42,095

98.6

 

25,984

21.3

683

2.6

25,301

97.4

 

 Inoccupation

23,902

23.9

1162

4.9

22,740

95.1

 

56,542

46.4

2863

5.1

53,679

94.9

 

Educational level

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Middle school or less

26,477

26.5

985

3.7

25,492

96.3

 

51,514

42.3

2690

5.2

48,824

94.8

 

 High school

31,315

31.4

577

1.8

30,738

98.2

 

31,466

25.8

810

2.6

30,656

97.4

 

 College or over

42,060

42.1

590

1.4

41,470

98.6

 

38,790

31.9

943

2.4

37,847

97.6

 

Household income

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Low

16,115

16.1

940

5.8

15,175

94.2

 

28,027

23.0

1978

7.1

26,049

92.9

 

 Mid-low

34,409

34.5

644

1.9

33,765

98.1

 

39,101

32.1

1315

3.4

37,786

96.6

 

 Mid-high

29,230

29.3

346

1.2

28,884

98.8

 

32,080

26.3

718

2.2

31,362

97.8

 

 High

20,098

20.1

222

1.1

19,876

98.9

 

22,562

18.5

432

1.9

22,130

98.1

 

Obesity Status (BMI)c

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Underweight and Normal range

38,382

38.4

1143

3.0

37,239

97.0

 

69,975

57.5

2689

3.8

67,286

96.2

 

 Overweight

28,040

28.1

430

1.5

27,610

98.5

 

25,518

21.0

740

2.9

24,778

97.1

 

 Obese

33,430

33.5

579

1.7

32,851

98.3

 

26,277

21.6

1014

3.9

25,263

96.1

 

The number of chronic diseasesd

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 0

59,400

59.5

968

1.6

58,432

98.4

 

66,411

54.5

1685

2.5

64,726

97.5

 

 1

23,901

23.9

581

2.4

23,320

97.6

 

27,133

22.3

1087

4.0

26,046

96.0

 

  ≥ 2

16,551

16.6

603

3.6

15,948

96.4

 

28,226

23.2

1671

5.9

26,555

94.1

 

Perceived health status

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Good

42,332

42.4

209

0.5

42,123

99.5

 

39,527

32.5

419

1.1

39,108

98.9

 

 Bad

57,520

57.6

1943

3.4

55,577

96.6

 

82,243

67.5

4024

4.9

78,219

95.1

 

Perceived stress

      

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Substantial

22,530

22.6

1531

6.8

20,999

93.2

 

28,889

23.7

3121

10.8

25,768

89.2

 

 Less

77,322

77.4

621

0.8

76,701

99.2

 

92,881

76.3

1322

1.4

91,559

98.6

 
  1. aThose classified as practising-health-behaviours group met all three conditions: not smoking (or 0 pack-year), not belonging to high-risk drinking group and walking for 30 min over 5 days per week
  2. bThree groups (white, pink, blue) based on the International Standard Classification Occupations codes. Inoccupation group includes housewives
  3. cBMI Body mass index/obesity status defined by BMI based on the 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Overweight and Obesity in Korea
  4. dChronic disease was defined as diagnosed diseases: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and arthritis. The number of chronic diseasese is the sum of the number of diagnosed above diseases