Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 as a potential marker for MDD diagnosis, its clinical characteristics, and treatment efficacy validation: data from an open-label vortioxetine study

Table 1 Demographic, psychopathological, neuropsychological characteristics and serum IGF-1 levels in HC and MDD patients

	HC n = 47	MDD n = 78	p
*Demographic characteristics*
Women, n (%)	27 (57.4%) ^a	48 (61.5%)	0.65
Age, years^*	37.8 (12.3) ^b	38.2 (11.9)	0.84
Education, years^*	15.2 (2.1) ^b	14.5 (1.9)	0.60
*Clinical assessments*
Psychopathological
MADRS total score	2 (0–4) ^c	29 (22–33)	< 0.0001
CGI-S score	1 (1–1) ^c	4 (4–5)	< 0.0001
Patient-reported cognitive symptoms
PDQ-5 total score	1 (0–2) ^c	7 (5–11)	< 0.0001
Neuropsychological testing
RAVLT immediate recall total score	64 (58–69) ^c	49 (43–56)	< 0.0001
RAVLT proactive interference score	8 (6–9) ^c	6 (5–7)	< 0.0001
RAVLT retroactive interference score	15 (13–15) ^c	11 (9–12)	< 0.0001
RAVLT delayed recall score	15 (14–15) ^c	11 (9–12)	< 0.0001
RAVLT delayed recognition score	15 (15–15) ^c	14 (14–15)	< 0.0001
TMT-B (s)	57 (42–65) ^c	77 (64–93)	< 0.0001
DSST number of correct symbols	62 (54–68) ^c	50 (43–59)	< 0.0001
IGF-1 serum level (ng/ml)	153 (129–186) ^c	228 (183–312)	< 0.0001

ISSN: 1471-244X