Table 4 Association between sociodemographic factors and offspring SM

Paternal age^a

N = 841

N = 3219

< 20

7 (0.8)

21 (0.7)

1.3 (0.6–3.2)

0.95 (0.4–2.3)

20–24

85 (10.2)

335 (10.4)

1.0 (0.8–1.4)

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

25–29

210 (25.0)

874 (27.2)

reference

reference

30–34

238 (28.3)

1103 (34.3)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

1.01 (0.8–1.2)

35–39

178 (21.2)

578 (18.0)

1.3 (1.03–1.6)*

1.4 (1.1–1.8)*

≥40

123 (14.6)

308 (9.6)

1.7 (1.3–2.2)**

1.8 (1.4–2.4)**

Maternal age^b

N = 860

N = 3250

< 20

27 (3.1)

89 (2.7)

1.3 (0.8–2.1)

1.1 (0.6–2.0)

20–24

174 (20.2)

543 (16.7)

1.4 (1.1–1.7)*

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

25–29

261 (30.4)

1114 (34.3)

reference

reference

30–34

222 (25.8)

969 (29.8)

0.98 (0.8–1.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

35–39

137 (15.9)

442 (13.6)

1.3 (1.1–1.7)*

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

≥40

39 (4.5)

93 (2.9)

1.8 (1.2–2.7)*

1.1 (0.6–1.8)

Maternal socioeconomic status^c

N = 860

N = 3250

Upper white collar

67 (7.8)

495 (15.2)

reference

reference

Lower white collar

296 (34.4)

1183 (36.4)

2.0 (1.4–2.7) ***

2.0 (1.5–2.7)***

Blue collar

188 (21.9)

518 (15.9)

2.8 (2.0–3.9)***

2.8 (2.0–4.0)***

Other

166 (19.3)

508 (15.6)

2.3 (1.6–3.2)***

2.4 (1.7–3.4)***

Missing

143 (16.6)

546 (16.8)

2.3 (1.5–3.5)**

2.4 (1.5–3.6)***

Marital status^d

N = 797

N = 3005

Married/in a relationship

742 (93.1)

2911 (96.9)

reference

reference

Single

55 (6.9)

94 (3.1)

2.3 (1.6–3.3)***

2.0 (1.4–3.0)**

Immigration status^e

N = 860

N = 3250

Both parents Finnish

815 (94.77)

3070 (94.5)

reference

reference

Mother immigrant

19 (2.2)

50 (1.5)

1.5 (0.8–2.5)

1.4 (0.8–2.6)

Father immigrant

12 (1.4)

66 (2.0)

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

0.7 (0.4–1.4)

Both parents immigrants

14 (1.6)

64 (2.0)

0.8 (0.5–1.5)

0.7 (0.4–1.4)

Urbanicity^f

N = 857

N = 3222

Urban

523 (61.0)

1970 (61.1)

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

0.98 (0.8–1.2)

Semi-urban

132 (15.4)

550 (17.1)

0.8 (0.7–1.1)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

Rural

202 (23.6)

702 (21.8)

reference

reference