| Number of studies indicating an association between social support and outcome | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive associationa | Partial positive associationb | No association | Negative association | |
Outcome | ||||
 Psychiatric | ||||
  Depression (N = 7) | 1 [31] | – | ||
  PTSD (N = 6) | – | – | ||
  Complicated grief (N = 6) | 1 [33] | 1 [31] | ||
  Prolonged grief (N = 1) | – | – | 1 [38] | – |
  Anxiety (N = 1) | – | 1 [31] | – | – |
  Suicidal ideation (N = 1) | 1 [45] | – | – | – |
 Psychological | ||||
  Emotional distress (N = 1) | 1 [38] | – | – | – |
  Grief (N = 1) | 1 [50] | – | – | – |
  Grief difficulties (N = 1) | 1 [45] | – | – | – |
  Initial impact of event (N = 1) | – | 1 [36] | – | – |
  Mental distress (N = 1) | – | – | 1 [28] | – |
  Mourning (N = 1) | 1 [50] | – | – | – |
  Personal growth (N = 1) | 1 [45] | – | – | – |
  Resilience (N = 1) | 1 [29] | – | – | – |
  Stress-related growth (N = 1) | 1 [42] | – | – | – |